2000
DOI: 10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<61::aid-ajpa4>3.0.co;2-3
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Makers of the early Aurignacian of Europe

Abstract: Despite intensive study and a number of remarkable discoveries in the last two decades of the 20th century, our understanding of the cultural and biological processes that resulted in the emergence of the Upper Paleolithic and the establishment of modern humans in Interpleniglacial Europe remains far from complete. There is active debate concerning the timing and location of the origins of the Aurignacian, the nature of the origins of Initial Upper Paleolithic industries (whether by autochthonous development o… Show more

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Cited by 183 publications
(111 citation statements)
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References 106 publications
(181 reference statements)
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“…Churchill and Smith ( 2000 ), as others before them, had considered these teeth to be of Neandertal affi nities, but Benazzi et al ( 2011 ) assigned them to modern humans on the basis of a morphometric comparison employing a combination of two methods: the analysis of two-dimensional enamel thickness and of dental tissue proportions; and the analysis of the outlines of dental crown (for the Cavallo-B dM 1 ) and cervix (for the Cavallo-C dM 2 ). On both counts, the two teeth fell clearly outside the range of the comparative Neandertal sample and fully within that of the comparative modern human sample.…”
Section: Grotta Del Cavallomentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Churchill and Smith ( 2000 ), as others before them, had considered these teeth to be of Neandertal affi nities, but Benazzi et al ( 2011 ) assigned them to modern humans on the basis of a morphometric comparison employing a combination of two methods: the analysis of two-dimensional enamel thickness and of dental tissue proportions; and the analysis of the outlines of dental crown (for the Cavallo-B dM 1 ) and cervix (for the Cavallo-C dM 2 ). On both counts, the two teeth fell clearly outside the range of the comparative Neandertal sample and fully within that of the comparative modern human sample.…”
Section: Grotta Del Cavallomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, all that can be concluded from Benazzi et al's study is that the Cavallo teeth are distinct from those of last interglacial Neandertals. Whether they are also distinct from those of the Neandertals from 50,000 years later remains an open issue, and all the more so since, as Churchill and Smith ( 2000 ) pointed out, the Cavallo teeth are taurodont, as is often the case with Neandertal deciduous molars but has never been observed among early modern human juveniles. In addition, Benazzi et al ignore the fact that a deciduous incisor, on which Gambassini et al ( 2005 ) identifi ed Neandertal apomorphies and a wear pattern similar to that seen in other Neandertal incisors, was also recovered in spit EIII of Cavallo (Riel-Salvatore 2009 ).…”
Section: Tooth Morphologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, nondestructive -ray spectrometry and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of level G 1 has yielded significantly older dates Rink et al, 1999). The older dates should be regarded as suspect because of the relatively low quantity of uranium in the measured pieces and the high standard errors of -ray dating (Churchill and Smith, 2000). Given radiometric dates for other levels in the cave, the presence of Upper Paleolithic elements in the G 1 archaeological assemblage, and inconsistent -ray results, the radiocarbon-especially AMS-dates should be given priority (Smith et al, 1999;Wild et al, 2001).…”
Section: Stratigraphy and Chronologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although some of the Neandertal-like features of the G 1 hominid fossils (e.g., retromolar space, maxillary incisor shoveling, horizontal-oval mandibular foramen) occur in low frequencies in early Upper Paleolithic modern humans, a medially oriented radial tuberosity, as exhibited by Vi 13.8, does not (Churchill, 1994). The complex of features possessed by the G 1 hominids can not be accommodated in modern human samples (Karavanic and Smith, 1998;Churchill and Smith, 2000).…”
Section: Mosaic Pattern Of Biocultural Changementioning
confidence: 99%
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