Making ecosystem reality checks the status quo

Burton, G.A.; Zwart, Dick de; Diamond, Jerry; Dyer, Scott D.; Kapo, Katherine E.; Liess, Matthias; Posthuma, Leo

doi:10.1002/etc.1747

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Consequently, retrospective ERA follows a holistic approach with a focus on the ecological status of the stressed ecosystems of concern, and also considers the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple pesticides by applying eco-epidemiological approaches, including ecological indicators [38,40]. As mentioned earlier, such studies are relatively uncommon in diverse tropical regions and largely absent in agricultural frontiers.…”

Section: (A) Improve Regulation and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide use and biodiversity conservation in the Amazonian agricultural frontier

Schiesari

Waichman

Brock

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Agricultural frontiers are dynamic environments characterized by the conversion of native habitats to agriculture. Because they are currently concentrated in diverse tropical habitats, agricultural frontiers are areas where the largest number of species is exposed to hazardous land management practices, including pesticide use. Focusing on the Amazonian frontier, we show that producers have varying access to resources, knowledge, control and reward mechanisms to improve land management practices. With poor education and no technical support, pesticide use by smallholders sharply deviated from agronomical recommendations, tending to overutilization of hazardous compounds. By contrast, with higher levels of technical expertise and resources, and aiming at more restrictive markets, large-scale producers adhered more closely to technical recommendations and even voluntarily replaced more hazardous compounds. However, the ecological footprint increased significantly over time because of increased dosage or because formulations that are less toxic to humans may be more toxic to other biodiversity. Frontier regions appear to be unique in terms of the conflicts between production and conservation, and the necessary pesticide risk management and risk reduction can only be achieved through responsibility-sharing by diverse stakeholders, including governmental and intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, financial institutions, pesticide and agricultural industries, producers, academia and consumers.

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Section: (A) Improve Regulation and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide use and biodiversity conservation in the Amazonian agricultural frontier

Schiesari

Waichman

Brock

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Retrospective risk assessments of chemicals consider the impact from existing and/or past releases of toxic chemicals to the environment and usually a holistic, top-down approach is followed by a focus on the chemical and ecological status of the stressed ecosystem or watershed of concern (Artigas et al 2012 ;Beketov and Liess 2012 ;Burton et al 2012 ;Solomon et al 2008 ;Suter et al 2010 ). The EU Water Framework Directive (EC 2000 ) follows such a retrospective approach and aims to improve the ecological and chemical status of water bodies in Europe.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Ecological Recovery and Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals

Gergs

Classen²,

Strauß³

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Chemical contaminants released into the in the environment may have adverse effects on (non-target) species, populations and communities. The return of a stressed system to its pre-disturbance or other reference state, i.e. the ecological recovery, may depend on various factors related to the affected taxon, the ecosystem of concern and the type of stressor with consequences for the assessment and management of risks associated with chemical contaminants. Whereas the effects caused by short-term exposure might be acceptable to some extent, the conditions under which ecological recovery can serve as a decision criterion in the environmental risk assessment of chemical stressors remains to be evaluated. For a generic consideration of recovery in the risk assessment of chemicals, we reviewed case studies of natural and artificial aquatic systems and evaluate five aspects that might cause variability in population recovery time: (1) taxonomic differences and life-history variability, (2) factors related to ecosystem type and community processes, (3) type of disturbance, (4) comparison of field and semi-field studies, and (5) effect magnitude, i.e., the decline in population size following disturbance. We discuss our findings with regard to both retrospective assessments and prospective risk assessment.

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“…Often, chemical risks are evaluated via checking transgressions of ambient Water Quality Criteria of individual compounds (i.e., the PEC/PNEC-ratio type of evaluation, with PEC = Predicted Environmental Concentration and PNEC = Predicted No Effect Concentration), though scientific evidence suggests that such transgressions do not necessarily predict ecological impacts (Solomon and Takacs, 2002;De Zwart et al, 2009;Burton et al, 2012;Carvalho et al, 2014) -that is: transgressions may trigger management action while there are no ecological impacts. In the mid-2000's, however, the amounts of monitoring data had increased vastly, and the application of Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) modelling in conjunction with exposure-and mixture models reduced the 'curse of dimensionality Kapo and Burton, 2006).…”

Section: Eco-epidemiology Of Chemical Mixture Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-epidemiology of aquatic ecosystems: Separating chemicals from multiple stressors

Posthuma

Dyer

Zwart³

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Making ecosystem reality checks the status quo

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Pesticide use and biodiversity conservation in the Amazonian agricultural frontier

Pesticide use and biodiversity conservation in the Amazonian agricultural frontier

Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals

Eco-epidemiology of aquatic ecosystems: Separating chemicals from multiple stressors

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