Refactoring, successfully used in the field of programming, can be used in maintenance and restructuring of the large and complex models. In this paper, we present a novel approach for model refactoring and a set of modelling patterns that are applicable for refinement-based formal development. In order to carry out this study, we investigate the previously developed large and complex model and required ontology to develop a domain model and a refactored system model. Further, we use the Rodin tools to check the internal consistency with respect to the desired functional behaviour and the required safety properties. Our main contributions are: to develop a refactoring technique related to the correct by construction approach; to use the domain specific knowledge in a system model explicitly; to define a set of modelling patterns; and to define a restructuring mechanism in the formal development. Finally, this proposed approach is evaluated through a complex medical case study: ECG clinical assessment protocol.