Making India the “mother destination”: Outsourcing labor to Indian surrogates

Rudrappa, Sharmila

doi:10.1108/s0277-2833(2010)0000020014

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rudruppa (2010) suggests that this emphasis on 'choice' functions to mitigate the moral ambiguity that surrounds surrogacy. As Markens (2012) suggests, the discourse of choice within narratives of reproductive travel is reliant upon an individualized account of reproduction.…”

Section: Previous Research On Reproductive Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narratives of Choice amongst white Australians who undertake Surrogacy Arrangements in India

Riggs

2015

J Med Humanit

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Section: Previous Research On Reproductive Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narratives of Choice amongst white Australians who undertake Surrogacy Arrangements in India

Riggs

2015

J Med Humanit

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“…Scholars have written extensively about the ways in which kinship is reinterpreted and reconfigured by people who choose assisted technologies (Carsten ; Dempsey ; Deomampo ; Franklin and McKinnon ; Mamo ; Strathern ; Thompson ). There has also been much interest in transnational surrogacy, exploring national, cultural, political, and also private interests in assisted reproduction and investigating interpretations of and connections between kinship and citizenship (e.g., Deomampo ; Pande , ; Rudrappa ; Twine ; Vora ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“We Are All Carrying Someone Else's Child!”: Relatedness and Relationships in Third‐Party Reproduction

Berend

2016

American Anthropologist

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In this article, I explore surrogates' rich, diverse, and collective negotiations of relatedness and relationships on the largest U.S. surrogacy support website. Surrogates reconfigure existing kinship understandings and maintain that intent and love are firmer bases of parenthood than biogenetic connection. Increasing use of donor gametes contributes to the emphasis on desire to be parents. In gestational surrogacy, genetic relatedness between the child and the intended parents strengthens claim to parenthood but lack thereof does not call parenthood into question. Traditional surrogates' biogenetic connection to the child they carry is never considered to be grounds for claims to motherhood. Surrogates and intended parents "do kinship" and consider the actions of kinship more consequential that its biological facts. In their accounts, desire for children is "natural" and the choice to raise them is understood as morally positive. Genetic facts, however, are understood as morally neutral. Surrogates and intended parents contend that surrogate babies belong to the parents who want them. Surrogates' emphasis on chosen solidarity works to diminish the importance of genetic relatedness and helps them uphold the traditional boundaries of their own nuclear family and that of the intended parents. [kinship, assisted reproduction, U.S. surrogacy, family] RESUMEN En este artículo exploro las negociaciones substanciales, diversas y colectivas de relaciones y relacionalidad de madres substitutas en la página web más grande de los Estados Unidos en apoyo a la subrogación.Madres substitutas reconfiguran entendimientos existentes de parentesco y afirman que la intención y el amor son bases más firmes para la crianza de los hijos que la conexión biogenética. Un uso creciente de gametos de donantes contribuye alénfasis en el deseo de ser padres. En el caso de subrogación gestacional, la relacionalidad genética entre el hijo y los padres intencionales fortalece la aserción de ser padres pero su falta no la pone en duda. La conexión biogenética de madres substitutas tradicionales al hijo que llevan nunca se considera una base para reclamaciones de maternidad. Madres substitutas y padres intencionales "crean parentesco" y consideran las acciones de parentesco más significativas que los hechos biológicos. En sus narrativas, el deseo de tener hijos es "natural" y la elección de criarlos es entendida como moralmente positiva. Factores genéticos, sin embargo, son entendidos como moralmente neutrales. Madres substitutas y padres intencionales afirman que los bebés de madres substitutas pertenecen a los padres que los desean. Elénfasis de las madres substitutas en una solidaridad elegida dirige todos sus esfuerzos a disminuir la importancia de la relacionalidad genética y les ayuda a sostener los límites tradicionales de su propia familia nuclear y la de los padres intencionales. [parentesco, reproducción asistida, subrogación en los Estados Unidos, familia]

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“…Transnational commercial surrogacy has become a popular research topic for social scientists (Deomampo ; Majumdar ; Pande , , , ; Vora , , , ) and gender studies scholars (Gupta ; Roy ; Rudrappa ; Twine ). These contributions, along with the work of activist organizations such as the SAMA Resource Group for Women's Health in India (SAMA , 2012) and documentary films (Frank et al ; Haimowitz and Sinha ; Sharma ), are illuminating the local moral worlds (Kleinman ) that comprise global “reproscapes,” or reproductive trajectories of people and technologies, with links to India (Bharadwaj ; Inhorn and Shrivastav ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…My physician interlocutors advocated limiting direct contact between surrogates and intending parents. Their worries about the dangers of contact across great economic and cultural difference resonate with uneasy encounters between foreign intending parents and surrogates depicted in documentary and ethnographic accounts of surrogacy in India (Haimowitz and Sinha ; Rudrappa :273; Sharma ). They also accord with often uneasy interclass, intercaste, and interreligious relations within India.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“The World's Back Womb?”: Commercial Surrogacy and Infertility Inequalities in India

Singh

2014

American Anthropologist

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While transnational commercial surrogacy in India has recently attracted the attention of journalists and feminist scholars critical of a novel and particularly intimate example of labor outsourcing, surrogacy in India is not only about global inequalities. In this research report, I call attention to silences in the most well-known accounts of surrogacy to the persistent local inequalities that structure infertility treatment in general-and surrogacy in particular. I argue that the disappearance of medical professionals' perceptions of surrogates as "laborers" and of Indian infertility experiences in these accounts occurs not only because of significant challenges to data collection, but also because of widespread naturalization of inequality. Local inequalities that structure transnational surrogacy in India, in particular, and infertility treatment, in general, tend to escape the purview of examinations that employ a transnational frame. Most research on gestational surrogacy in India does not focus on the options available to Indians who face infertility. The few studies that put the dynamics of infertility among people living in India at the center of analysis have yet to explore fully the "reproscapes" of infertility among people in India. [surrogacy, infertility, inequality, India, transnational] RESUMEN Mientras el alquiler de vientre comercial transnacional en India recientemente ha atraído la atención de periodistas e investigadores feministas críticos de una nueva y particularmenteíntima ilustración de subcontratación de labor, el alquiler del vientre en India no es solamente sobre desigualdades globales. En este reporte de investigación, llamo la atención sobre los silencios en los más conocidos reportes de alquiler del vientre con relación a las persistentes desigualdades locales que estructuran el tratamiento de infertilidad en general-y el alquiler del vientre en particular. Argumento que la desaparición de percepciones en los profesionales de la salud de las madres sustitutas como "trabajadoras" y de las experiencias de infertilidad Hindú en estos reportes ocurre no sólo por los significantes retos en la recopilación de información sino también por la generalizada naturalización de la desigualdad. Desigualdades locales que estructuran el alquiler del vientre a nivel transnacional en India en particular, y el tratamiento de infertilidad en general, tienden a escapar elámbito de los análisis que emplean un marco transnacional. La mayoría de la investigación sobre el alquiler del vientre en India no se centra en la opciones disponibles a los Hindúes que enfrentan infertilidad. Los pocos estudios que colocan la dinámica de infertilidad entre gente viviendo en India al centro del análisis, aún tienen que explorar completamente los "reproscapes" de infertilidad entre gente en India. [alquiler del vientre, infertilidad, desigualdad, India, transnacional]

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Making India the “mother destination”: Outsourcing labor to Indian surrogates

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Narratives of Choice amongst white Australians who undertake Surrogacy Arrangements in India

Narratives of Choice amongst white Australians who undertake Surrogacy Arrangements in India

“We Are All Carrying Someone Else's Child!”: Relatedness and Relationships in Third‐Party Reproduction

“The World's Back Womb?”: Commercial Surrogacy and Infertility Inequalities in India

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