Making sense of Arctic maritime traffic using the Polar Operational Limits Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS)

Stoddard, Mark A.; Emmanuel, Laurent; Fournier, Mélanie; Pelot, Ronald; Beveridge, Leah

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/34/1/012034

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Modern ice-navigation strategies for ships (e.g., Stoddard et al, 2016;Transport Canada, 2018) pair information about ship structure and capability (e.g., IACS, 2016) with estimates of ice concentration and type to assess risks along a route. Navigation-relevant ice information is available from a variety of sources offering different spatial resolutions and collection intervals (e.g., Hui et al, 2017;Rainville et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Pacific Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone With Saildrone USVs

et al. 2021

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More high-quality, in situ observations of essential marine variables are needed over the seasonal ice zone to better understand Arctic (or Antarctic) weather, climate, and ecosystems. To better assess the potential for arrays of uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) to provide such observations, five wind-driven and solar-powered saildrones were sailed into the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas following the 2019 seasonal retreat of sea ice. They were equipped to observe the surface oceanic and atmospheric variables required to estimate air-sea fluxes of heat, momentum and carbon dioxide. Some of these variables were made available to weather forecast centers in real time. Our objective here is to analyze the effectiveness of existing remote ice navigation products and highlight the challenges and opportunities for improving remote ice navigation strategies with USVs. We examine the sources of navigational sea-ice distribution information based on post-mission tabulation of the sea-ice conditions encountered by the vehicles. The satellite-based ice-concentration analyses consulted during the mission exhibited large disagreements when the sea ice was retreating fastest (e.g., the 10% concentration contours differed between analyses by up to ∼175 km). Attempts to use saildrone observations to detect the ice edge revealed that in situ temperature and salinity measurements varied sufficiently in ice bands and open water that it is difficult to use these variables alone as a reliable ice-edge indicator. Devising robust strategies for remote ice zone navigation may depend on developing the capability to recognize sea ice and initiate navigational maneuvers with cameras and processing capability onboard the vehicles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Pacific Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone With Saildrone USVs

et al. 2021

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“…Cyclical events, including periodic adverse sea states, the presence of marine ice (Stoddard et al 2016), or transient user populations, may contribute to vessel traffic seasonality. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining Marine Vessel AIS Data to Inform Coastal Structure Management

Scully

Young

Ross

2020

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

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This study demonstrates the use of a multiyear country-scale automatic identification system (AIS) data set to partition a nationwide portfolio of navigation structures managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) into affinity groups based on emergent vessel traffic characteristics. The marine vessel AIS was originally intended to prevent the collision of ships at sea. As a remote sensing technology, it provides continuous monitoring for marine vessel traffic and has enabled a variety of unforeseen applications. The methodology presented uses spatial distance criteria to identify vessel traffic local to each structure. Metrics characterizing traffic behavior including traffic composition, spatial position, trip frequency, and traffic seasonality are derived from vessel data. AIS-derived metrics are combined into feature vectors describing each structure. Pearson correlation of feature vectors with r-neighborhood pruning of the affinity matrix is used to identify similar structure pairs. Semisynchronous label propagation is used to partition the structure portfolio graph into prototype groups with strong similarity in underlying traffic characteristics that may be further refined to align maintenance activity with organizational goals.

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“…In Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, hull damage occurs relatively frequently due to the high local ice pressures on the ship hull. In the Canadian Arctic, despite the implementation of operational procedures such as the Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System (AIRSS) (Transport Canada 2018) or, more recently, the Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) (Stoddard et al 2015;IMO 2016), such damages range from slight deformations to the hull plating to large holes, which have led to the sinking of vessels and can lead to pollution incidents (Kubat and Timco 2003). Rather than relying on prescriptive design standards, riskbased design approaches for ice-class vessels, focusing on the hull design, have been proposed (Kujala et al 2019).…”

Section: Arctic Risk-based Ship Structural Design In Sea Ice Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Application of the International Risk Governance Council’s Risk Governance Framework to Shipping Risks in the Canadian Arctic

Goerlandt

Pelot

2020

Springer Polar Sciences

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The diminishing extent of sea ice in Arctic areas brings opportunities for increased shipping activities in the Canadian Arctic. However, it also causes concerns, e.g., related to environmental pollution to vulnerable areas and impacts on ecosystems at local, regional, and global scales, which can further impact human health. Increased shipping activity also causes concerns about safety risks associated with the navigation of vessels, for instance, related to the response to vessels or people in distress. Appropriate risk management strategies, tools, and equipment are essential to successfully mitigate these risks, with due consideration of concerns of rights-holders, stakeholders, and society at large. In this chapter, an exploratory application of key elements of the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) risk governance framework is presented, focusing on selected risks associated with shipping in the Canadian Arctic. After introducing the IRGC framework, selected shipping risks in the Canadian Arctic are classified in terms of the type of risk problem these represent. Subsequently, a discussion is given on the implications of this pre-screening for selecting appropriate risk governance strategies. The chapter concludes with a discussion on suggestions for future work on risk governance in a Canadian Arctic maritime shipping risk context.

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Making sense of Arctic maritime traffic using the Polar Operational Limits Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS)

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Exploring the Pacific Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone With Saildrone USVs

Exploring the Pacific Arctic Seasonal Ice Zone With Saildrone USVs

Mining Marine Vessel AIS Data to Inform Coastal Structure Management

An Exploratory Application of the International Risk Governance Council’s Risk Governance Framework to Shipping Risks in the Canadian Arctic

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