Making suggested responses seem involuntary: Experience structuring by hypnotic and nonhypnotic subjects

Gorassini, Donald R.; Perlini, Arthur H.

doi:10.1016/0092-6566(88)90016-5

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For subjects who are interested in enacting the role of one who is hypnotized-and such individuals are presumed to exist [16] -this information serves as a guide to the enactment. Ro1e-enacting often involves engendering the experiences of a hypnotized person in addition to producing hypnotic-like behavior [4,[17][18][19] . This view admits to the possibility that subjects will, at some point and however fleetingly, be aware of their intentions to self-generate hypnotic experiences.…”

Section: To Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Planned and Actual Responses to Hypnotic Suggestions

Gorassini

1989

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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The notion that subjects often intentionally produce their hypnotic behavior was assessed. Several hypnotic suggestions were administered to subjects, following which overt responding, experienced involuntariness, and action-planning were self-rated. Responses to suggestions occurred proportionately more often when plans to produce the overt behavior and subjective experiences of a hypnotized person were formulated than when plans to wait passively for the responses to occur on their own were made. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Researchers continue to search for stable correlates of hypnotic susceptibility [cf. I]. Various factors, including gestalt closure task performance [2] , imagery vividness [3], absorption in everyday imaginings [4], attention development [5-7] , attitudes toward hypnosis [8,9], and expectancy of becoming hypnotized [10] have been shown to correlate with susceptibility. To date, however, little attention has been paid to the role of task-interpretation and action-planning in suggested responding. These factors have been largely ignored, even in social psychological approaches to hypnosis until quite recently [11] , despite White's long-standing notion that hypnosis is goal-directed striving [12]. This idea suggests that at least some subjects may explicitly intend to produce their hypnotic behavior. Accordingly, the purpose of the present investigation was to assess the relationship between the responses subjects explicitly plan to

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Section: To Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Planned and Actual Responses to Hypnotic Suggestions

Gorassini

1989

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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“…In support of the foregoing account (see Gorassini & Perlini, 1988;Spanos & Gorassini, 1984), when hypnotic responses were instructed of participants, the responses were very rarely accompanied by any experience of nonvolition. However, when the same kinds of responses were suggested, the responses were almost always accompanied by at least some degree of felt involuntariness.…”

Section: The Respondent's Behaviormentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Wait plans, with imagery, either failed to correlate (Gorassini, 1988Katsanis et al, 1988Katsanis et al, -1989 or correlated positively at low magnitude (Gorassini, in press;Silva & Kirsch, 1992;Spanos, Bumley, & Cross, 1993) with hypnotic responding. Planning to self-deceive correlated positively and most reliably with hypnotic responding, an example of plan-response consistency in which seeking to self-deceive tended to correspond with successfully achieving the appearances and experiences of hypnotic responding (Gorassini, 1988(Gorassini, , 1997Katsanis al., 1988Katsanis al., -1989. The findings of these plan-response investigations are consistent with the view that response control in hypnosis is similar to response control outside of hypnosis.…”

Section: Research On Self-deception In Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In several studies of planning in hypnosis (Gorassini, 1988(Gorassini, , 1997Katsanis, Bamard, & Spanos, 1988Silva & Kirsch, 1992;Spanos, Bumley, & Cross, 1993), participants were administered a scale of hypnotic suggestibility and, in the process, were asked to indicate which plans they used to respond to the suggestions comprising the test (for a review, see Gorassini, in press). The pattern of findings in most of these investigations was similar.…”

Section: Research On Self-deception In Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess this possibility, the relationship between plans and hypnotic responding was assessed in the studies cited above. Wait plans, without imagery, correlated negatively with hypnotic responding (Gorassini, 1988(Gorassini, , 1997Katsanis et al, 1988Katsanis et al, -1989Spanos, Bumley, & Cross, 1993). In other words, planning to refrain from making responses tended to correspond to an absence of the responses.…”

Section: Research On Self-deception In Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hypnotic responding: A cognitive–behavioral analysis of self-deception.

Gorassini¹

1999

Clinical Hypnosis and Self-Regulation: Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives.

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The concept of self-deception is important for the psychotherapist and research-oriented psychologist alike. In psychoanalytic therapy, the most significant problems of life are thought to stem from the ego's attempts to repress and disguise the individual's true motives (Freud, 1917(Freud, /1961. The concept of self-deception may also be helpful for understanding cognitive-behavioral therapies. One frequently used method of therapy within this framework has clients rehearse adaptive thoughts and behaviors (Ellis & Grieger, 1977;Meichenbaum, 1977). At first, the thoughts and actions feel artificial and do not appear to be believable aspects of the self. However, with time and practice, the responses become part of the personality. In effect, the clients seem to deceive themselves into new personalities by role playing. Research-oriented psychologists also routinely use concepts that imply self-deception. In processes such as self-verification (Swann, 1987), symbolic self-completion (Wicklund & Gollwitzer, 1982), positive illusions (Taylor, 1989)' and self-evaluation maintenance (Tesser & Moore, 1986), individuals ate construed as deceiving themselves about 73

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