Malabaricones from the fruit of Myristica cinnamomea King as potential agents against Acanthamoeba castellanii

Ahmed, Usman; Sivasothy, Yasodha; Khan, Khalid Mohammed; Khan, Naveed Ahmed; Wahab, Siti Mariam Abdul; Awang, Khalijah; Othman, Muhamad Aqmal; Anwar, Ayaz

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107033

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…BOR has undergone rigorous assessment in antimicrobial studies, wherein it has been shown to exert inhibitory effects on microbial adhesion to surfaces . Recently, PCD has also been reported in FLA induced by nanoconjugates . Similarly, sesquiterpenes lactones are also reported to cause PCD in N.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, their capacity to emulate barrier function against pathogens and drugs enhances their suitability for our research objectives. This step was pivotal in assessing the safety and selectivity of the nanoconjugates in a cellular context, as HaCaT cells serve as an established model for human keratinocytes. , These cells have also been widely studied for nanoconjugate cytotoxicity and skin-related toxicity due to their retention of key characteristics. ,,, Their use is pivotal for assessing the safety of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and topical products. This investigation aimed to determine the potential adverse effects of the tested nanoconjugates on these epidermal cells, which is a critical factor in assessing their therapeutic viability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells were also regularly checked for mycoplasma contamination. 28,29 N. fowleri Culture and Maintenance. In the current investigation, the N. fowleri strain used was obtained from a clinical isolation originating from a patient's cerebrospinal fluid.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monolayer was trypsinized, and the cell suspension was seeded in multiwell plates for further assessments. The cells were also regularly checked for mycoplasma contamination. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 In another study, the coating of embelin with AgNPs demonstrated an improved antiamoebic efficacy when contrasted with the use of the drugs alone, providing additional substantiation to our findings. 29 This highlights the potential synergistic effects of nanoconjugates, enhancing their therapeutic impact against amoebic infections. The exact mechanism by which the tested nanoconjugates exert their effects on the trophozoite and cyst stages of N. fowleri remains elusive and is yet to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Agnps Coated With Naturalmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Nanoparticle-Terpene Fusion: A Game-Changer in Combating Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri

Rajendran,

Ahmed,

Meunier

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) are opportunistic free-living amoebae and are the causative agents of a very rare but severe brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The fatality rate of PAM in reported cases is more than 95%. Most of the drugs used againstN. fowleri infections are repurposed drugs. Therefore, a large number of compounds have been tested againstN. fowleri in vitro, but most of the tested compounds showed high toxicity and an inability to cross the blood−brain barrier. Andrographolide, forskolin, and borneol are important natural compounds that have shown various valuable biological properties. In the present study, the nanoconjugates (AND-AgNPs, BOR-AgNPs, and FOR-AgNPs) of these compounds were synthesized and assessed against both stages (trophozoite and cyst) ofN. fowleri for their antiamoebic and cysticidal potential in vitro. In addition, cytotoxicity and host cell pathogenicity were also evaluated in vitro. FOR-AgNPs were the most potent nanoconjugate and showed potent antiamoebic activity againstN. fowleriwith an IC 50 of 26.35 μM. Nanoconjugates FOR-AgNPs, BOR-AgNPs, and AND-AgNPs also significantly inhibit the viability of N. fowleri cysts. Cytotoxicity assessment showed that these nanoconjugates caused minimum damage to human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cells) at 100 μg/mL, while also effectively reducing the cytopathogenicity of N. fowleri trophozoites to the HaCaT cells. The outcomes of our experiments have unveiled substantial potential for AND-AgNPs, BOR-AgNPs, and FOR-AgNPs in the realm of developing innovative alternative therapeutic agents to combat infections caused by N. fowleri. This study represents a significant step forward in the pursuit of advanced strategies for managing such amoebic infections, laying the foundation for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic modalities in the fight against free-living amoebae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monolayer was trypsinized, and the cell suspension was seeded in multiwell plates for further assessments. The cells were also regularly checked for mycoplasma contamination. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of the Agnps Coated With Naturalmentioning

confidence: 98%

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