Malaria among febrile neonates attending the neonatology unit of the Bamenda regional hospital

Nfor, Nlinwe Omarine; Senyuy, Dzewong Thierry

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00184

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…[19,21,22] All the children had their blood tested for malaria parasite compared to 25% tested in an earlier Nigerian report in 2018. [17] The prevalence of neonatal malaria in the current study was 60.4% (29/48); this is comparable to 43.7% in Port Harcourt, Nigeria [23] but higher than figures from Cameroon (17.5%), [24] Gambia (13.3%), [20] and Jos, Nigeria (5.3%). [25] Several studies have discussed the impact of seasonality and diagnostic method on reported prevalence rates.…”

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confidence: 50%

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcome of Malaria in Febrile Under-Five Children in a Secondary Health Facility

Oluwafemi¹

2023

Ann Health Res

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Background: Malaria remains an essential tropical protozoal disease, affecting both young and old. It manifests in complicated and uncomplicated forms with more grave consequences among Under-five children. Objective: To describe malaria's clinical profile and short-term outcomes in Under-five children in a secondary health facility in southwest Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital-based and cross-sectional study. Five hundred children under the age of five years who presented with fever at the health facility were recruited into the study. The clinical manifestations were documented, and blood samples were examined for malaria parasitaemia. Results: Forty-eight children (9.6%) of the study subjects were neonates, 195 (39%) were infants, and the remaining 257 (51.4%) were aged 12 months to 5 years. One hundred and two (39.1%) of the 261 children positive for malaria presented with uncomplicated malaria, while 159 (60.9%) of this population had various complications. The overall mortality from malaria was 5.0%. Conclusion: More than 60% of the infected children had complications of malaria, and mortality was mainly due to late presentation. Therefore, malaria preventive strategies should be part of ongoing health interventions.

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Section: Numbers In Parentheses Are Percentages Of Variables With Par...supporting

confidence: 50%

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcome of Malaria in Febrile Under-Five Children in a Secondary Health Facility

Oluwafemi¹

2023

Ann Health Res

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Plasmodium falciparum neonatal malaria with atypical presentation: a case series from southwestern Ethiopia

Tesso,

Gossaye,

Bekana

et al. 2024

Malar J

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Background Neonatal malaria is defined as the detection of asexual stages of Plasmodium species in the cord blood within the first 28 days of life. It can be congenital or acquired through mosquito bites or blood transfusions. Neonates are generally considered to be relatively protected due to the multiple innate and acquired physiological protective effects present in neonates. However, in areas where malaria is endemic, the prevalence of malaria in neonates is high. The predominant clinical feature of malaria in neonates is fever. Other clinical manifestations of neonatal malaria include respiratory distress, pallor and anaemia, hepatomegaly, refusal to feed, jaundice and diarrhoea. Atypical presentations without fever can lead to inaccurate diagnosis and contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Neonates from endemic areas with any of the above symptoms should be screened for malaria. Case presentation We present a series of three cases of neonatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria that presented atypically without febrile episodes and were diagnosed and managed at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital between July and September 2023. The first patient presented with vomiting, refusal to feed, pallor, severe anaemia, and splenomegaly. The second patient presented with an inconsolable cry, failure to pass feces, abdominal distention, and anaemia. The third patient presented with vomiting and anaemia. All patients received a 7-day course of intravenous artesunate; the first patient also received a blood transfusion. All patients recovered and were discharged. Conclusions Partial immunity resulting from repeated malaria infections in endemic regions may result in the transfer of high levels of maternal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies through the placenta and can produce different atypical clinical presentations. In malaria-endemic areas, neonates presenting with any of the presenting signs and symptoms of malaria, including afebrile presentation, require malaria screening to avoid delays in diagnosis.

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The Effects of HIV Infection on the Immune Response to Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Kumba, Southwest Cameroon: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Obase¹,

Francis²,

Forgu³

et al. 2023

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Malaria and HIV, 2 of the world's deadliest diseases, share a lot of territory in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective This study seeks to investigate the effect of HIV on the immune response to malaria infection among pregnant women in Kumba in the southwest region (SWR) of Cameroon. The study aims to determine the prevalence of malaria infection, assess the occurrence of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity, and evaluate the antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig]G and IgM: apical membrane antigen-1 [AMA1], merozoite surface protein [MSP]1, MSP2, MSP3, and erythrocyte-binding antigen [EBA]175) and cytokine (interleukin [IL]-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interferon gamma [IFNγ]) response to malaria infection among pregnant women with and without HIV in Kumba. Methods The study will be a hospital-based cross-sectional design that will run from March 2022 to February 2023. It will recruit pregnant women with and without HIV who are in their third trimester of pregnancy. The study will be carried out in 5 health institutions in Kumba: General Hospital Kumba, Presbyterian Hospital Kumba, District Hospital Kumba-town, Kossala Integrated Health Center Kumba, and Catholic Hospital Kumba. About 3 mL of the mother’s venous blood, placental blood, and baby cord blood will be collected from each pregnant women at the point of delivery. Microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) will be performed to identify the malaria parasite in all the samples, and nested PCR targeting the different genetic diversity markers for P. falciparum will also be performed. Furthermore, sequencing will be performed to study the nucleotide sequence of different alleles, and the genetic diversity of the alleles responsible for malaria infection among pregnant women will be assessed. A multiplex assay will be conducted to analyze the peripheral blood plasma and cord blood plasma for the cytokine and total antibody response to malaria infection among pregnant women with and without HIV. The questionnaire for data collection will be pretested at the Kumba District Hospital, and ethical clearance will be obtained from the University of Buea and the Regional Delegation of Public Health for the SWR. Data will be analyzed using SPSS Statistics and STATA. All P values <.05 will be considered statistically significant. BioEdit 7.0.0 software will be used to align the nucleotide sequences of different genes after sequencing. Phylogenetic tree searching will be conducted using the maximum-likelihood (ML) method in MEGA V6.0. Results The project started in March 2022 and will end in February 2023. Presently, three-fourth of the project funding has been disbursed to date. A total of 218 participants have been enrolled: 193 (88.5%) women without HIV and 25 (11.5%) women with HIV. Between February 2023 and March 2024, the following results will be ready for publication: maternal-neonatal malaria prevalence among pregnant women and babies in Kumba, the effect of HIV on (1) P. falciparum genetic diversity among pregnant women in Kumba, (2) the maternal and neonatal immune response to MSP1, MSP2, and EBA175 IgG antibody response to P. falciparum–caused malaria infection among pregnant women, and (3) the maternal and neonatal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response to malaria infection. Conclusions HIV infection increases the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women and also influences the genetic diversity of P. falciparum, with MSP1 alleles being the most prevalent. HIV infection also reduces the antibody response to malaria infection, as well as altering the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to malaria infection. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38213

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Malaria among febrile neonates attending the neonatology unit of the Bamenda regional hospital

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcome of Malaria in Febrile Under-Five Children in a Secondary Health Facility

Clinical Profile and Short-Term Outcome of Malaria in Febrile Under-Five Children in a Secondary Health Facility

Plasmodium falciparum neonatal malaria with atypical presentation: a case series from southwestern Ethiopia

The Effects of HIV Infection on the Immune Response to Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Kumba, Southwest Cameroon: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

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