Malaria and anaemia in pregnant women in urban Zanzibar, Tanzania

Matteelli, Alberto; Donato, Francesco; Shein, A; Muchi, J A; Leopardi, O; Astori, L.; Carosi, Giampiero

doi:10.1080/00034983.1994.11812894

Cited by 79 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The prevalence of anemia and malaria both increased during the rainy season. The prevalence of moderate and severe anemia in Blantyre was lower than that of several other series, 5,17,18 but similar to that reported elsewhere in Malawi. 8,10,19 Staff constraints meant that we were not able to evaluate confounding factors such as socioeconomic status or type of housing, and were not able to measure blood levels of hematinics, 4,5,15 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus, 20,21 or stool hookworm burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…It may be that malaria and/or anemia are influenced by one or more of these agents. In Zanzibar, Tanzania, neither iron status nor education were associated with malaria, 18 whereas anemic and malaria-infected women in Kenya frequently had iron deficiency, and were much more commonly infected with hookworm than women in Blantyre. 5 Previous studies in anemic women from the same clinic found a high prevalence of HIV (48%) and of hematinic deficiencies (58%), but a low prevalence of hookworm (6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Malaria and anemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a twelve-month survey.

Rogerson¹,

Broek²,

Chaluluka³

et al. 2000

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. Malaria and anemia are common in pregnant African women. We screened 4,764 Malawian women at first antenatal visits for malaria and anemia. A total of 42.7% had a malaria infection, which was more common and of higher density in primigravidae (prevalence ϭ 47.3%, geometric mean ϭ 332 parasites/l) and teenagers (49.8%, 390/1) than in multigravidae (40.4%, 214/l) or older women (40.6%, 227/l). However, 35% of gravida 3ϩ women were parasitemic. A total of 57.2% of the women was anemic (hemoglobin Ͻ 11 g/dl), with moderate anemia (7.0-8.9 g/dl) in 14.9% and severe anemia (Ͻ 7 g/dl) in 3.2%. Prevalences of malaria and anemia were highest in the rainy season. Women with moderate/severe anemia had higher parasite prevalences and densities than women with mild/no anemia. Logistic regression showed that age, season, and trimester of presentation were significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria, but gravidity was not. In this urban setting, age and season are more important than gravidity as predictors of malaria at first antenatal visit, and parasitemia is frequent in women of all gravidities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria and anemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a twelve-month survey.

Rogerson¹,

Broek²,

Chaluluka³

et al. 2000

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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“…Such protective mechanisms may compensate in a small way for the greatly increased risks of death that girls will later face from malaria in pregnancy. 17,18 In summary, severe anemia in the northern Ghana sahel appears to be a regular and near-predictable seasonal event that is akin to a grim rite of passage for young children of rural Africa. Under starkly seasonal conditions that rigidly delimit malaria transmission, we identified high rates of severe anemia among boys and older children in the infant age group studied and obtained evidence associating anemia severity with residence in the northern sector of the KND.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of severe anemia and its association with malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana.

Owusu‐Agyei¹,

Fryauff²,

Chandramohan³

et al. 2002

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. Severe anemia is thought to be the principal underlying cause of malaria death in areas of intense seasonal malaria transmission such as the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana. Factors associated with severe anemia in young children, 6-24 months old, were elucidated by analyzing results of 2 malaria-associated anemia surveys (1996, 2000), separated by 4 years, but conducted in the same community and at the same seasonal time point. Age-adjusted comparison confirmed that the proportion of severely anemic children and overall mean hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the November 2000 sample were significantly improved over those of the 1996 sample (17.5 versus 26.4%, P ‫ס‬ 0.03; Hb 7.5 versus 6.9 g/dL, P ‫ס‬ 0.002). Weight-for-age Z-scores also indicated a significant improvement in the 2000 sample (−1.93 versus −2.20, P < 0.05). Independently, each survey identified statistically significant associations between severe anemia and age, parasite rate, fever, and sex. Relative to children with Hb Ն 6.0 g/dL, those with severe anemia (Hb < 6.0 g/dL) were older, more frequently parasitemic (odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.35), more often febrile (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.71-3.48), and predominantly male (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.05-2.13). An association was identified in both surveys between severe anemia and residence in the northern part of the district, but no clear link was observed in relation to irrigation. Blood transfusions, a likely surrogate index of severe anemia in young children, followed a distinct seasonal pattern. Evidence suggests that dramatic peaks and troughs of severe anemia are regular and possibly predictable events that may be used to gauge the health and survival of young children in this area.

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“…Malaria is reported as a major cause of anemia, particularly in first and second pregnancies. [2][3][4]8 Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia related to nutrition and is particularly common in multigravidae women. 1,4 Other nutritional deficiencies (vitamin B 12 , folic acid, and vitamin A), congenital blood cell disorders (sickle cell disease, ␣-thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency), and infections (hookworm, schistosomiasis, or tuberculosis) may also contribute to anemia in pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Anemia, even when mild, is associated with reduced work productivity. During pregnancy, severe anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] Ͻ 7 g/dL) may result in circulatory changes that are associated with an increased risk of heart failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and malaria as risk factors for third-trimester anemia in asymptomatic pregnant women in western Kenya.

Eijk¹,

Ayisi²,

Kuile³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To assess risk factors for anemia in late pregnancy, we studied healthy pregnant women with a singleton uncomplicated pregnancy of Ն 32 weeks attending the prenatal clinic in the Provincial Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Between June 1996 and December 1998, 4,608 pregnant women had a blood sample collected for hemoglobin (Hb) measurement, malaria smear, and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mean Ϯ standard deviation of Hb was 9.58 Ϯ 1.8 g/dL; 21% had malaria in their blood; and 25% of the women were HIV seropositive. Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia was more common among HIV-seropositive women in all gravidities compared with HIV-seronegative women (risk ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-1.92). In a multivariate analysis, for primi-and secundigravidae women, the factors malaria, belonging to the Luo tribe, and HIV seropositivity were significantly associated with any anemia (Hb Ͻ 11 g/dL), and HIV seropositivity and documented fever were associated with severe anemia (Hb Ͻ 7 g/dL). In women of higher gravidities, HIV seropositivity was the only statistically significant factor associated with any anemia or with severe anemia. Asymptomatic HIV seropositivity is an important risk factor to be considered in the differential diagnosis of maternal anemia, independent of P. falciparum parasitemia.

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Malaria and anaemia in pregnant women in urban Zanzibar, Tanzania

Cited by 79 publications

References 10 publications

Malaria and anemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a twelve-month survey.

Malaria and anemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a twelve-month survey.

Characteristics of severe anemia and its association with malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana.

Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and malaria as risk factors for third-trimester anemia in asymptomatic pregnant women in western Kenya.

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