Malaria and asymptomatic parasitaemia in Gabonese infants under the age of 3 months

Klouwenberg, Peter M. C. Klein; Oyakhirome, Sunny; Schwarz, Norbert; Gläser, Benjamin; Issifou, Saadou; Kiessling, Georg; Klöpfer, Anna; Kremsner, Peter G.; Längin, Matthias; Lassmann, Britta; Necek, Magdalena; Pötschke, Marc; Ritz, Alexandra Carolin; Grobusch, Martin P.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.05.003

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the Tanzanian trial, SP was administered along with childhood vaccinations at months 2, 3, and 9; in Ghana, at months 3, 4, 9, and 12 (extra dose outside EPI); and in Mozambique, at months 3, 4, and 9. In the Lambaréné area, malaria is rare in those Ͻ3 months old [24]. The incidence then increases rapidly toward the end of the first year of life [20], with the incidence of cerebral malaria episodes peaking during the second and third year of life (P.G.K., unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intermittent Preventive Treatment against Malaria in Infants in Gabon—A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intermittent Preventive Treatment against Malaria in Infants in Gabon—A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

et al. 2007

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“…At the age of 3, 9 and 15 months we recorded the weight and height of children who were followed up in a longitudinal study to assess the efficacy (regarding the outcomes malaria and anaemia) and safety of intermittent presumptive treatment in infants through sulphadoxine pyrimethamine administered at the age of 3, 9 and 15 months that had started in December 2002 (16)(17)(18) . Written consent was obtained from all primary caregivers of all study children enrolled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WHO 2006 child growth standards: implications for the prevalence of stunting and underweight-for-age in a birth cohort of Gabonese children in comparison to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts and the National Center for Health Statistics 1978 growth references

Schwarz

Grobusch

Decker

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: To assess the proportion of children being stunted and underweightfor-age at 3, 9 and 15 months in Lambaréné, Gabon, using the WHO child growth standards released in 2006 as compared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 1978 child growth charts/references. Design and setting: Prospective birth cohort in Lambaréné, Gabon. Subjects: Two hundred and eighty-nine children from birth to 15 months of age. Methods: Weight and length were recorded at 3, 9 and 15 months. Corresponding Z scores for stunting and underweight-for-age were calculated for the three different standards/references. Children with a height-for-age or weight-for-age below -2 SD of the corresponding reference median (Z score #22) were classified as stunted or underweight-for-age, respectively. Results: With the new WHO 2006 standards a higher proportion (4?0 %) of 3-month-old infants were underweight compared with the CDC (1?0 %) or the NCHS (0?7 %) child growth charts/references. In contrast to the NCHS references or the CDC charts, this proportion did not increase from 3 to 9 months or from 9 to 15 months. The proportion of children being stunted was highest (above 20 %) with the WHO 2006 standards at all three ages. Again, in contrast to the old standards, this proportion did not increase from 3 to 9 months or from 9 to 15 months. Conclusions: The present results show considerably different growth faltering patterns for Gabonese children depending on the growth charts used to assess the prevalence of stunting and underweight. Shifting to the new WHO child growth standards may have important implications for child health programmes.

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“…Asymptomatic malaria infections were frequently described in high and intermediate transmission areas including Ghana [3,4], Kenya [2], Senegal [5,6], Gabon [7,8], Nigeria [9,10], Uganda [11], Thailand [12], Burma [13] and Yemen [14]. However, in recent years, such cases have also been reported from low endemic areas such as Amazon region of Brazil and Peru [15-23], Colombia [24], Solomon Island [25] and Principe [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey for asymptomatic malaria cases in low transmission settings of Iran under elimination programme

Zoghi

Mehrizi

Ahmad

et al. 2012

Malar J

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BackgroundIn malaria endemic areas, continuous exposure to Plasmodium parasites leads to asymptomatic carriers that provide a fundamental reservoir of parasites, contributing to the persistence of malaria transmission. Therefore, in the present investigation, the presence and prevalence of malaria asymptomatic cases were determined to evaluate the reservoir of infection in two malaria endemic areas with a previous history of malaria transmission in the south of Iran, Bashagard and Ghale-Ganj districts of Hormozgan and Kerman provinces, respectively, where malaria transmission has been drastically reduced in the recent years.MethodsThe population samples (n=500 from each of the studied areas) were randomly collected from non-febrile, long-term residing, aged two to over 60years, during 20092010. Three identical surveys were carried out in both study areas and in each phase all the consent participants were interviewed and clinically examined. In all, three surveys to detect hidden parasite reservoirs (both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax), thick and thin blood smears and a highly sensitive nested-PCR were applied. In addition, the sero-prevalence survey for detecting malaria exposure was done by using a serological marker.ResultsIn this study, P. vivax and P. falciparum parasites were not detected by light microscopy and nested-PCR assay in all three surveys of samples. Antibody responses against P. vivax and P. falciparum were detected in 1 % and 0.2 % of the total examined individuals, respectively, in Bashagard district. Regarding to Ghale-Ganj district, about 0.9% of the individuals had IgG -specific antibody to P. vivax at the first and second surveys, but at the third survey 0.45% of the participants had positive antibody to P. vivax parasite. IgG -specific antibody to P. falciparum was detected in 0.2% of the participants at the first and follow-up surveys. The overall regional differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).ConclusionTaken together, the lack of asymptomatic carrier with the evidence of extremely low sero-positive to both P. vivax and P. falciparum among examined individuals supported the limited recent transmission in the studied areas and, therefore, these parts of Iran have potential to eliminate the disease in the next few years. However, continued follow up and action are still needed in both studied areas and also in their neighbouring province, Sistan and Baluchistan, which has the highest reported cases of malaria in Iran and also, has the largest border line with Afghanistan and Pakistan, with no elimination activities. This data will provide useful information for managing elimination activities in Iran.

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Malaria and asymptomatic parasitaemia in Gabonese infants under the age of 3 months

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Intermittent Preventive Treatment against Malaria in Infants in Gabon—A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Intermittent Preventive Treatment against Malaria in Infants in Gabon—A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

WHO 2006 child growth standards: implications for the prevalence of stunting and underweight-for-age in a birth cohort of Gabonese children in comparison to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts and the National Center for Health Statistics 1978 growth references

Survey for asymptomatic malaria cases in low transmission settings of Iran under elimination programme

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