Malaria and Lymphatic Filariasis Co-Transmission in Endemic Health Districts in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and malaria are two vector-borne diseases which parasites can simultaneously infect human or mosquito. In Burkina Faso, studies mainly focused on the control of these diseases independently. Hence, there is a lack of information on their co-transmission of to both human and vector. The present study aimed at providing baseline data from endemic areas in Burkina Faso towards a successful integrated management of both diseases. Methods: The study was carried out in six sites distributed in the East, Center-East and South-West regions of Burkina Faso. Data were collected in August 2014 and September 2015. The infection rates in human and vector populations, vector diversity, trophic and resting behavior were investigated. To determine the disease prevalence nocturnal fingerprick blood sample and microscopic observations were performed. Vectors collected by human landing catches and pyrethrum spray collections. Biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to identify Anopheles gambiae sensu lato sibling species, and to determine vector infection rate and their blood meal origins. Results: Results indicate residual transmission of LF and malaria in human and vector populations. A low co-infection rate (<1%) with Wuchereria bancrofti and Plasmodium falciparum was noted in both human and mosquito. Anopheles gambiae s.l., An. funestus s.l. and An. nili were by order the main potential vectors encountered. It was in majority parous females and exhibited endophagic and exophagic behavior.

Assessment of Culicidae collection methods for xenomonitoring lymphatic filariasis in malaria co-infection context in Burkina Faso

“…A recent study has showed that An. nili was W. bancrofti potential vector [27] in this region. Other Anopheles species in particular An.…”

Prevalence, probability, and characteristics of malaria and filariasis co-infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections among participants was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8%-13%, I 2 , 96.7%, 17 studies; Fig 3). The highest prevalence was demonstrated by the study conducted in Tanzania (14%, 95% CI: 11.4%-17.1%) [33], whereas the lowest prevalence was demonstrated by studies conducted in India (0.1%, 95% CI: 0%-0.2%) [22] and in Burkina Faso (0.1%, 95% CI: 0%-0.4%) [27].…”

“…We estimated the pooled prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections among participants using the data available from 17 studies [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections among participants was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8%-13%, I 2 , 96.7%, 17 studies; Fig 3).…”

“…The pooled prevalence of malaria and W. bancrofti co-infections among participants was estimated using the data available from 11 studies [22,23,25,27,29,31,[33][34][35][36][37]. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria and W. bancrofti co-infections among participants was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.4%-0.9%, I 2 , 96.3%, 11 studies; Fig 4).…”

“…The probability of malaria and filariasis co-infections was estimated using the data available from 16 studies [22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the co-infections between the two parasites occurred by probability (P = 0.001, OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19-0.62, I 2 : 95.7%, 16 studies; Fig 7).…”