Malaria coinfection with Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in children at Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract

Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are highly endemic in poorer countries of the world. The research investigated the prevalence of parasitic infections among children in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Benin City. Faecal, urine and blood specimen were collected from 184 children (100 males and 84 females) aged 6–15. Blood samples were prepared using thick film method and analyzed microscopically. Direct smear technique was employed for faecal sample and sedimentation method to concentrate ova from the urine sample. Ten species of parasites were identified in this study. The predominant species were Plasmodium falciparum (67.93%), Entamoeba histolytica (67.93%) and Giardia duodenalis (59.78%). Plasmodium falciparum and E. histolytica were most prevalent in both sexes, with P. falciparum infecting 68% males and 67.86% females while E. histolytica infected 66% males and 70.24% females ( P = 0.24). Mixed infections with blood and intestinal parasites were recorded in 41.18% in age group 5–10 and 47.90% in age group 11–15 ( P < 0.5). Also, mixed infections with blood and intestinal parasites were detected in 45% males and 50% females ( P = 0.51). Urinary schistosomiasis was recorded in 28.80% of the participants. Parasitic infections especially P. falciparum malaria and amoebiasis were predominant among the children. Therefore, our findings call for specific intervention programmes to reduce parasite intensity and morbidity in the children. Environmental and personal hygiene should be implemented in order to curb parasitosis in the study area.

High Diversity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…The microscopy-based G. duodenalis infection rate detected (29.3%) was in line with those (3–60%) previously reported in Nigerian asymptomatic children [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Other studies conducted in the country have documented infection rates of 0.5–26% in children with diarrhea [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], of 0.6–25% in HIV+ patients [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], and of 0.6–48% in hospital outpatients [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…In Nigeria, the annual number of deaths from diarrheal diseases per 100,000 people decreased from 275.3 in 1990 to 92.5 in 2019 [ 22 ]. Although Giardia infection is not usually associated with mortality, giardiasis seems widely present in the country, affecting both asymptomatic and clinical individuals and livestock ( Table 1 ) [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. In addition, very little is currently known on the genetic variability of G. duodenalis circulating in Nigerian human populations.…”

Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths infection among individuals in model and non-model households, South West Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional community based study

“…The finding of STHs prevalence from our study was found lower when compared to studies conducted in Ecuadorian Amazon, Nigeria, and Ethiopia with the prevalence reports of 52.1% [ 20 ], 65% [ 24 ], 46.9% [ 25 ], 84.24% [ 26 ] and 67.3% [ 27 ]. Whereas, our STHs infection prevalence was slightly higher than a study in Jimma 20.9% [ 28 ] and comparable with 32.5% [ 29 ] in Cameroon.…”

Co-infection of urogenital schistosomiasis and malaria and its association with anaemia and malnutrition amongst schoolchildren in Dutse, Nigeria

“…This is due to the combined loss of red blood cells (erythrocytes) as a result of S. haematobium and Plasmodium infections. This result is also comparable to the findings of Kinung'hi et al 48 in Tanzania, Sumbele et al 7 in Cameroon and Edosomwan et al 49 in Nigeria. We also found a higher prevalence of anaemia in male children than in female children.…”

“…We did not discern a significant association between single or multiple parasite infections (S. haematonium and Plasmodium) and malnutrition. Although an association between single and multiple parasite infections and malnutrition have been reported in Kenya and Angola 56,55 , some studies in Nigeria and Tanzania reported no association 57,49 . The lack of association between S. haematobium, Plasmodium sp.…”