Malaria control in Afghanistan: progress and challenges

Kolaczinski, Jan; Graham, Kate; Fahim, Abdullah; Brooker, Simon; Rowland, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66423-9

Cited by 46 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The malaria species present in those areas are 80-90% Plasmodium vivax and 10-20% Plasmodium falciparum. [10][11][12][13] According to the Afghanistan Ministry of Public Health (AMPH), 14 over one-half of the country's estimated 26.6 million people are vulnerable to malaria, with 14 of the country's 34 provinces identified as high-risk areas. Many people living in endemic areas may have acquired a level of immunity to the disease, although there is currently no clear concept about how this protection works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with Antimalaria Chemoprophylaxis in a Combat Zone

Brisson¹,

Brisson²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Compliance with malaria chemoprophylaxis by military service members (MSMs) is notoriously low, ranging from 30% to 56%. Our objective was to determine the rate of compliance and reasons for non-compliance with malaria chemoprophylaxis among healthy US MSMs in Afghanistan. An eight-question, anonymous online survey was used to collect data regarding the compliance of healthy MSMs with malaria chemoprophylaxis. E-mail surveys were sent to 1,200 MSMs; 528 (44%) MSMs completed the survey. One-time daily doxycycline was the most commonly prescribed chemoprophylaxis (90%); 60% (N = 318) responded that they were compliant with their chemoprophylaxis as prescribed, whereas 40% (N = 221) indicated that they were not compliant. Compliance with daily dosing was 61% and weekly dosing was 38%. The most common reasons for non-compliance were gastrointestinal effects (39%), forgetfulness (31%), and low perception of risk (24%). Malaria chemoprophylaxis compliance by healthy MSMs in Afghanistan is poor. Side effects, forgetfulness, and lack of education are contributing factors. Commanders bear the primary responsibility for the health of their soldiers, and the individual MSM bears personal responsibility; however, additional public health interventions could possibly have a positive impact on prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with Antimalaria Chemoprophylaxis in a Combat Zone

Brisson¹,

Brisson²

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Although it was almost effectively controlled in the 1970s, the burden of disease increased gradually during the 1980s and the 1990s. Following the implementation of effective control measures after 2001, 15 an important decline of malaria was documented, and the number of reported P falciparum and P vivax cases decreased by 95 and 77%, respectively. In particular, the proportion of P falciparum cases, which represented 20% of the reported cases in the 1990s, was reduced to 1% in 2008.…”

Section: Chemoprophylaxis Compliance and Tolerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment and Prevention of Malaria Among Italian Troops in Afghanistan, 2002 to 2011

Peragallo¹,

Sarnicola²,

Boccolini

et al. 2014

J Travel Med

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“…1). The major reported malaria vectors in the middle East Asia are Anopheles sacharovi, Anopheles superpictus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles culicifacies (Al-Tikrity 1964; Baomar and Mohamed 2000;Rowland et al 2002;Klinkenberg et al 2004a;Kolaczinski et al 2005;Djadid et al 2006;Oshaghi et al 2007;Al-Taiar et al 2009). In central Asia-A.…”

Section: Malaria Vectors and Their Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria vector control: from past to future

et al. 2011

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Malaria is one of the most common vector-borne diseases widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions. Despite considerable success of malaria control programs in the past, malaria still continues as a major public health problem in several countries. Vector control is an essential part for reducing malaria transmission and became less effective in recent years, due to many technical and administrative reasons, including poor or no adoption of alternative tools. Of the different strategies available for vector control, the most successful are indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), including long-lasting ITNs and materials. Earlier DDT spray has shown spectacular success in decimating disease vectors but resulted in development of insecticide resistance, and to control the resistant mosquitoes, organophosphates, carbamates, and synthetic pyrethroids were introduced in indoor residual spraying with needed success but subsequently resulted in the development of widespread multiple insecticide resistance in vectors. Vector control in many countries still use insecticides in the absence of viable alternatives. Few developments for vector control, using ovitraps, space spray, biological control agents, etc., were encouraging when used in limited scale. Likewise, recent introduction of safer vector control agents, such as insect growth regulators, biocontrol agents, and natural plant products have yet to gain the needed scale of utility for vector control. Bacterial pesticides are promising and are effective in many countries. Environmental management has shown sufficient promise for vector control and disease management but still needs advocacy for inter-sectoral coordination and sometimes are very work-intensive. The more recent genetic manipulation and sterile insect techniques are under development and consideration for use in routine vector control and for these, standardized procedures and methods are available but need thorough understanding of biology, ethical considerations, and sufficiently trained manpower for implementation being technically intensive methods. All the methods mentioned in the review that are being implemented or proposed for implementation needs effective inter-sectoral coordination and community participation. The latest strategy is evolution-proof insecticides that include fungal biopesticides, Wolbachia, and Denso virus that essentially manipulate the life cycle of the mosquitoes were found effective but needs more research. However, for effective vector control, integrated vector management methods, involving use of combination of effective tools, is needed and is also suggested by Global Malaria Control Strategy. This review article raises issues associated with the present-day vector control strategies and state opportunities with a focus on ongoing research and recent advances to enable to sustain the gains achieved so far.

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Malaria control in Afghanistan: progress and challenges

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Compliance with Antimalaria Chemoprophylaxis in a Combat Zone

Compliance with Antimalaria Chemoprophylaxis in a Combat Zone

Risk Assessment and Prevention of Malaria Among Italian Troops in Afghanistan, 2002 to 2011

Malaria vector control: from past to future

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