Malaria Control with Genetically Manipulated Insect Vectors

Alphey, Luke; Beard, Charles B.; Billingsley, Peter F.; Coetzee, Maureen; Crisanti, Andrea; Curtis, C. F.; Eggleston, Paul; Godfray, Charles; Hemingway, Janet; Jacobs-­Lorena, Marcelo; James, Anthony A.; Kafatos, Fotis C.; Mukwaya, L. G.; Paton, M. G.; Powell, Jeffrey R.; Schneider, William L.; Scott, Thomas W.; Sina, Barbara J.; Sinden, Robert E.; Sinkins, Steven P.; Spielman, Andrew; Touré, Yéya T.; Collins, Frank H.

doi:10.1126/science.1078278

Cited by 217 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…At the present time, there is no satisfactory way to completely block malaria transmission, and new approaches are needed (2). To control the transmission of malaria and other vector-borne diseases, diverse new control strategies are being developed for the reduction or elimination of vector populations (3)(4)(5)(6). Toward this aim, the sterile male insect technique provides a safe and efficient strategy that limits the growth of insect pest populations (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In mosquitoes, and more generally in insects, male fertility depends not only on fertile spermatozoa, but also upon secretions transferred to the female during mating to enhance her reproductive success (8,9). A better knowledge of the reproductive biology of A. gambiae, including hormonal regulation of reproduction, would be beneficial, as this could lead to the identification of new target genes for manipulating male and/or female reproductive success (4,5,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anopheles gambiaemales produce and transfer the vitellogenic steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone to females during mating

Pondeville

Maria

Jacques

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

127

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In female insects, the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a major role in activating vitellogenesis, a process required for egg development. By contrast with vertebrates, production of large amounts of hormonal steroids has not been reported in adult male insects. In the present study, we analyzed steroidogenesis in both male and female adult of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae and we found that A. gambiae male mosquitoes produce high amounts of the steroid hormone 20E. Importantly, we found that male accessory glands, but not testes, are the source of 20E. Moreover, this steroid hormone is stored in male accessory glands and delivered to females during mating. These findings suggest that male 20E may not act as a true male sex steroid, but more likely as an allohormone. Our results give new insights into speciesspecific physiological processes that govern the reproductive success of the malaria mosquito. This could thus lead to the identification of new target genes for manipulating male and/or female reproductive success, a promising way to reduce or eliminate mosquito population and therefore to control malaria transmission.allohormone ͉ ecdysteroids ͉ malaria ͉ male accessory glands ͉ mosquito

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anopheles gambiaemales produce and transfer the vitellogenic steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone to females during mating

Pondeville

Maria

Jacques

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

127

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“…coho salmon ͉ phenotypic plasticity ͉ risk-assessment T ransgenes with a variety of functions have now been inserted into a wide range of animals with foreseeable applications ranging from small-scale basic laboratory research and applied medicine to large-scale disease control and commercial meat production (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The latter application, in particular, has raised concern regarding the potential negative impact that transgenic animals may have on the natural environment whether they escape from rearing facilities or are purposefully released into the wild (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gene–environment interactions influence ecological consequences of transgenic animals

Sundström

Lõhmus

Tymchuk

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Production of transgenic animals has raised concern regarding their potential ecological impact should they escape or be released to the natural environment. This concern has arisen mainly from research on laboratory-reared animals and theoretical modeling exercises. In this study, we used biocontained naturalized stream environments and conventional hatchery environments to show that differences in phenotype between transgenic and wild genotypes depend on rearing conditions and, critically, that such genotype-by-environment interactions may influence subsequent ecological effects in nature. Genetically wild and growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were reared from the fry stage under either standard hatchery conditions or under naturalized stream conditions. When reared under standard hatchery conditions, the transgenic fish grew almost three times longer than wild conspecifics and had (under simulated natural conditions) stronger predation effects on prey than wild genotypes (even after compensation for size differences). In contrast, when fish were reared under naturalized stream conditions, transgenic fish were only 20% longer than the wild fish, and the magnitude of difference in relative predation effects was much reduced. These data show that genotype-by-environment interactions can influence the relative phenotype of transgenic and wild-type organisms and that extrapolations of ecological consequences from phenotypes developed in the unnatural laboratory environment may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of ecological risk. Thus, for transgenic organisms that may not be released to nature, the establishment of a range of highly naturalized environments will be critical for acquiring reliable experimental data to be used in risk assessments.coho salmon ͉ phenotypic plasticity ͉ risk-assessment

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“…Transposable elements from other families such as piggyBac, Mos I, and Minos have also been developed into effective insect gene vectors that are now employed in a variety of applications (Atkinson et al 2001). Using these relatively new gene-integration tools, a novel form of biological control is being considered to stem the transmission of certain arboviruses (e.g., dengue fever) and parasites (e.g., Plasmodium) by mosquitoes and other arthropod vectors (Adelman et al 2002;Alphey et al 2002;Beard et al 2002). This strategy involves the introduction of transgenic insects into natural populations of a target species with the intent of replacing the native population with genetically modified conspecifics (Craig 1963;World Health Organization 1991;James 1992;Miller 1992).…”

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Transposable Element Dynamics of the hAT Element Herves in the Human Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.

et al. 2007

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Transposable elements are being considered as genetic drive agents for introducing phenotype-altering genes into populations of vectors of human disease. The dynamics of endogenous elements will assist in predicting the behavior of introduced elements. Transposable element display was used to estimate the siteoccupancy frequency distribution of Herves in six populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. The site-occupancy distribution data suggest that the element has been recently active within the sampled populations. All 218 individuals sampled contained at least one copy of Herves with a mean of 3.6 elements per diploid genome. No significant differences in copy number were observed among populations. Nucleotide polymorphism within the element was high (p ¼ 0.0079 in noncoding sequences and 0.0046 in coding sequences) relative to that observed in some of the more well-studied elements in Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 33 distinct forms of Herves were found on the basis of the sequence of the first 528 bp of the transposase open reading frame. Only two forms were found in all six study populations. Although Herves elements in An. gambiae are quite diverse, 85% of the individuals examined had evidence of complete forms of the element. Evidence was found for the lateral transfer of Herves from an unknown source into the An. gambiae lineage prior to the diversification of the An. gambiae species complex. The characteristics of Herves in An. gambiae are somewhat unlike those of P elements in D. melanogaster.

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Malaria Control with Genetically Manipulated Insect Vectors

Abstract: At a recent workshop, experts discussed the benefits, risks, and research priorities associated with using genetically manipulated insects in the control of vector-borne diseases.

Cited by 217 publications

References 14 publications

Anopheles gambiaemales produce and transfer the vitellogenic steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone to females during mating

Anopheles gambiaemales produce and transfer the vitellogenic steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone to females during mating

Gene–environment interactions influence ecological consequences of transgenic animals

Transposable Element Dynamics of the hAT Element Herves in the Human Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.

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