Malaria hotspots and climate change trends in the hyper-endemic malaria settings of Mizoram along the India–Bangladesh borders

Lalmalsawma, Pachuau; Balasubramani, K.; James, Meenu Mariya; Pautu, Lalfakzuala; Prasad, Kumar Arun; Sarma, Devojit Kumar; Nina, Praveen Balabaskaran

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31632-6

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This magnitude is lower than the previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa (15), Nigeria (17), Cameroon (18), Mozambique (21), and Ethiopia (25). The discrepancy could be due to educational status, i.e., the presence of a high rate of illiteracy in the study region (38), and the COVID-19 pandemic may also have disrupted malaria prevention efforts by making it more difficult to provide health education about the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of malaria (5), and the study areas, which are rural pastoral areas. However, compared to earlier studies conducted in Senegal ( 16), Burkina Faso (19), South Africa (20), Tanzania (22), and southern Ethiopia (23), the magnitude of the current study's knowledge of malaria prevention was higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, malaria cases increased by 5.8% and deaths by 11% in 2020 compared to 2019. Two-thirds of the additional deaths in 2020 compared to 2019 were attributable to the disruption in malaria prevention and control efforts brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic (5). East Africa is an important region to focused on in the global fight against malaria because it accounted for 25% of all cases worldwide (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of malaria prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors among households living in rural malaria-endemic areas in the Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia

Addis,

Gebeyehu Wondmeneh

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundMalaria morbidity has reduced significantly in most regions of Ethiopia, but it is still a serious issue in the northeast, particularly in the Afar region.ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate household heads' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward malaria prevention and its associated factors in rural Ada'ar woreda district in the Afar region.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 households living in Ada'ar woreda district. A systematic sampling technique was used to select households. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to interview randomly selected adult household heads. Frequency and percentage were computed. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables. Statistical significance was considered to be a p-value <0.05.ResultsNearly two-thirds (64.2%) of household heads had good knowledge of malaria prevention, and 46.9% had a positive attitude toward it. About 17.3 and 56.9% of study participants had good malaria prevention practices and good healthcare seeking behaviors, respectively. Illiterate (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.49–4.63) and low-income (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.6) participants were more likely to have poor knowledge of malaria prevention (malaria signs and symptoms, malaria transmissions, and malaria prevention methods). Married participants (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.02–6.29) and illiterates (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.69–4.73) had negative attitudes toward malaria prevention. Household heads with poor knowledge of malaria prevention had 85% higher rates of practicing poor malaria prevention methods (regular bed nets used; AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8). Young adults (18–25 years) were more likely to have poor healthcare seeking behaviors (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.73–7.1), while pastoralists had a lower likelihood (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28–0.8).ConclusionKnowledge, attitude, and practices toward malaria prevention remain a problem in malaria-endemic rural areas of the Afar region of Ethiopia. There is a need for the implementation of interventions that will focus on increasing knowledge of malaria prevention and encouraging positive attitudes toward it, as well as promoting regular bed net usage and healthcare seeking behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of malaria prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors among households living in rural malaria-endemic areas in the Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia

Addis,

Gebeyehu Wondmeneh

2023

Front. Public Health

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“…The extracted locations were assigned a unique spatial ID and joined with the case details to prepare a spatial database using the ArcGIS 10.4 software ( https://desktop.arcgis.com ). The total cases recorded in each case location from 2018–2022 were used to identify hotspots of scrub typhus in Mizoram using the Optimized Hotspot Analysis tool in the ArcGIS Pro 3.0 software, as detailed in Supplementary File ( S3 File ) [ 35 , 36 ]. The hotspots were prepared as dot distribution maps to represent the clusters of rickettsial infections with multiple significant (90%, 95%, and 99% confidence intervals) and non-significant levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections (2018–22) in the hyper-endemic setting of Mizoram, North-East India

Vanramliana,

Pautu,

Lalmalsawma

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background In the past decade, scrub typhus cases have been reported across India, even in regions that had no previous history of the disease. In the North-East Indian state of Mizoram, scrub typhus cases were first recorded only in 2012. However, in the last five years, the state has seen a substantial increase in the scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections. As part of the public health response, the Mizoram Government has integrated screening and line listing of scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections across all its health settings, a first in India. Here we detail the epidemiology of scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections from 2018–2022, systematically recorded across the state of Mizoram. Methodology/principal findings The line-listed data positive for scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections identified by rapid immunochromatographic test and/or Weil-Felix test from 2018–22 was used for the analysis. During this period, 22,914 cases of rickettsial infections were recorded, out of which 19,651 were scrub typhus cases. Aizawl is the worst affected, with 10,580 cases (46.17%). The average incidence of rickettsial infections is 3.54 cases per 1000 persons-year, and the case fatality rate is 0.35. Only ∼2% of the reported scrub typhus cases had eschar. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate patients with eschar (aOR = 2.5, p<0.05), occupational workers [farmers (aOR:3.9), businessmen (aOR:1.8), construction workers (aOR:17.9); p<0.05], and children (≤10 years) (aOR = 5.4, p<0.05) have higher odds of death due to rickettsial infections. Conclusion The integration of systematic surveillance and recording of rickettsial diseases across Mizoram has shed important insights into their prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. This study underscores the importance of active surveillance of rickettsial infections across India, as the burden could be substantially higher, and is probably going undetected.

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“…In 1970, Tobler introduced the First Law of Geography, which asserts that everything is related to everything else, but geographically closer objects have a stronger connection than those farther apart [41]. The Getis-Ord Gi* is a widely used method to detect local space autocorrelation, which provides a more precise identification of aggregation regions [42][43][44]. It is calculated using the following formula:…”

Section: Local Spatial Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial differentiation and geographical similarity of traditional villages——Take the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin as examples

Nie,

Dong,

Pan

2024

PLoS ONE

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The preservation and advancement of Traditional Villages are intricately linked to the perpetuation of cultural heritage. However, existing research on the spatial disparities among Traditional Villages has yet to consider the impact of cultural factors. Moreover, the geographical similarities shared by Traditional Villages have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, this study takes the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, both pivotal in the genesis of Chinese culture, as case studies. We employ an Optimal Parameter-based GeoDetector alongside the Spatially Constrained Multivariate Clustering method to delve into the factors influencing the spatial differentiation and geographical similarities of Traditional Villages within these two significant river basins. Subsequently, we offer recommendations for fostering the sustainable preservation and development of Traditional Villages in these regions. The results indicate that the Rural Residents Per Capita Disposable Income has the greatest impact on the spatial differentiation of Traditional Villages in the Yellow River Basin, while the Density of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors has the most significant influence in the Yangtze River Basin. The interaction effects of the driving factors are more powerful, with a q-value of 0.9544 for the interplay between the Density of National Cultural Protection Units and the Tourism Income in the Yellow River Basin and a value of 0.9099 for the interaction between the Density of National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors and the Transportation in the Yangtze River Basin. Regarding geographical similarity, the Traditional Villages in the Yellow River Basin are divided into three major clusters, while those in the Yangtze River Basin are divided into two.

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Malaria hotspots and climate change trends in the hyper-endemic malaria settings of Mizoram along the India–Bangladesh borders

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Assessment of malaria prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors among households living in rural malaria-endemic areas in the Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia

Assessment of malaria prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice and associated factors among households living in rural malaria-endemic areas in the Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia

Epidemiology of scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections (2018–22) in the hyper-endemic setting of Mizoram, North-East India

Spatial differentiation and geographical similarity of traditional villages——Take the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin as examples

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