Malaria in Gabon: Results of a clinical and laboratory study at the Chinese-Gabonese Friendship Hospital of Franceville

Lékana-Douki, Jean-Bernard; Pontarollo, Julie; Zatra, Rafika; Toure-Ndouo, Fousseyni S.

doi:10.1684/san.2011.0263

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gender distribution of Pfcrt across the four Niger Delta states revealed that there is no statistical difference between male and female (P.> 0.5) s is in agreement with the previous studies by WHO declared that Pfcrt mutation happened The lower distribution of Pfmdr 1 86Y across the (28.6%, 22.0%, 29.3% and 25.0%) for Bayelsa, Rivers, Edo and Delta respectively recovery of the wild type allele which is in agreement with the study conducted by (Dual 2007) where the prevalence of wild type strains increased from 77% to 86%. Overall prevalence of Y86 PFMDR was 26.2% which disagrees with a study carried out in Ghana in 2010 where the prevalence of Y86 was 86% on the mutant type and the wild 28% (Snonnou et al, 1999) also agrees with the study carried out in India by Goswami et al, 2014 who had 41.79% also in Gabon 2009, the prevalence of Y86 increased to 31% [1]. The PFMDR1 gene expression levels have been considered in the etiology of the parasite resistance to some antimalarial drugs and it is being explored in epidemic logical studies increase in PFMDR gene copy number has been linked to P. falciparum diminished susceptibility to antimalaria drugs, such as mefloquine and AL (Artemether Lumenfantrine) [11].…”

Section: Distribution Of Subjects Based On Methods Of Identification contrasting

confidence: 51%

“…The import of this resistance is overwhelming resulting in the increase in morbidity and mortality. Chloroquine acts essentially by interfering with heme metabolism in the digestive vacuole of P. falciparum and CQ resistance results from reduced accumulation of drug by the parasites [1]. Genetic mutations have been shown to be associated with CQ resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two genes that were commonly involved which are P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene Pfmdr-1 which encodes Pgh-1, a glycoprotein homologue and the CQ resistance transporter gene Pfcrt which codes for CQ transporter protein. The two genes have been identified as the main cause of CQ resistance [1]. Chloroquine resistance has been correlated with mutations in a number of P. falciparum genes, although some results have been inconsistent [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 Resistance Genes in Post Chloroquine Era in South-South Region of Nigeria

Tolulope

Itodo

Lawani

et al. 2019

IJTDH

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Malaria, a global health problem especially in the sub-Sahara region has been posing a recurrent problem due to the resistance of the parasites to the available antimalarial drugs despite the preventive measures provided by WHO. Aims: This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of resistance markers in four Niger Delta states of Nigeria, a decade after withdrawal of chloroquine. Methods: Eight hundred and forty six (846) subjects participated in the study and were distributed as follows, 192(22.7%) Bayelsa; 218(25.8%) Rivers; 196(23.2%) Edo and 240(28.4%) Delta respectively. Malaria parasite identification was carried out using standard parasitological techniques. Genotyping of the resistance markers Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Our findings revealed that the prevalence of malaria infection in the four Niger Delta states were 78.1%, 68.8%, 62.8% and 58.8% in Bayelsa, Rivers States, Edo and Delta respectively. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of malaria within the four Niger Alade et al.; IJTDH, 39(3): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.52075 2 Delta states. (P>0.05). Children below the age of 5 years recorded the highest infection rates when compared to subjects in other age groups (P< 0.01). Our findings also revealed that the distribution of mutant Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 genes across the four states were 12.0% and 28.6%, 4.0% and 22.0%, 14.6% and 29.3%, 10.6% and 25.0% in Bayelsa, Rivers, Edo and Delta state respectively. However, the prevalence of Pfcrt K76T in Rivers State was statistically lower when compared to other states (P < 0.01) while no statistical difference existed in the distribution of Pfmdr 1 mutant genes (P>0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of Pfcrt and Pfmdr 1 remained elevated in the Niger Delta states despite the withdrawal of chloroquine over a decade ago. Hence, Nigeria is far from an eventual reintroduction of chloroquine as its resistance markers still persist in our communities. Furthermore, the root cause of the persistence of these resistance markers needs to be investigated. Original Research Article

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Section: Distribution Of Subjects Based On Methods Of Identification contrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 Resistance Genes in Post Chloroquine Era in South-South Region of Nigeria

Tolulope

Itodo

Lawani

et al. 2019

IJTDH

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“…We observed that the mean age of infected children was significantly higher than the mean age of uninfected children. It has been demonstrated in Gabon that the mean age of children developing malaria has increased significantly and that children over 5 years old are now those who have the greatest risk to contract malaria [23, 29]. This could be the consequence of a better protection of children under five by the antimalarial programs in Gabon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2011, a study estimated malaria prevalence among the febrile children at 17.9% [23], and a more recent study estimated the prevalence of malaria at 22.1% in febrile children [24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative antibody responses against three antimalarial vaccine candidate antigens from urban and rural exposed individuals in Gabon

Imboumy-Limoukou¹,

Oyegue-Liabagui

Ndidi

et al. 2016

EuJMI

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The analysis of immune responses in diverse malaria endemic regions provides more information to understand the host’s immune response to Plasmodium falciparum. Several plasmodial antigens have been reported as targets of human immunity. PfAMA1 is one of most studied vaccine candidates; PfRH5 and Pf113 are new promising vaccine candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate humoral response against these three antigens among children of Lastourville (rural area) and Franceville (urban area). Malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnosis tests. Plasma samples were tested against these antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that malaria prevalence was five times higher in the rural area than in the urban area (p < 0.0001). The anti-PfAMA1 and PfRh5 response levels were significantly higher in Lastourville than in Franceville (p < 0.0001; p = 0.005). The anti-AMA1 response was higher than the anti-Pf113 response, which in turn was higher than the anti-PfRh5 response in both sites. Anti-PfAMA1 levels were significantly higher in infected children than those in uninfected children (p = 0.001) in Franceville. Anti-Pf113 and anti-PfRh5 antibody levels were lowest in children presenting severe malarial anemia. These three antigens are targets of immunity in Gabon. Further studies on the role of Pf113 in antimalarial protection against severe anemia are needed.

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Prevalence of malaria, prevention measures, and main clinical features in febrile children admitted to the Franceville Regional Hospital, Gabon

et al. 2016

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Recently, major progress has been made in controlling malaria in Africa. However, in Gabon, little information is available on the role of malaria in childhood febrile syndromes, the use and efficacy of preventive measures, and Plasmodium species distribution. Here, we characterized malaria in febrile children in Franceville, Gabon through a cross-sectional study at the pediatric unit of the Franceville Regional Hospital. We registered 940 febrile children. Their general condition was markedly altered in 11.7% of cases (n = 89/760); among them 19 (21.4%) had a severely altered condition. Malaria was the second most frequent etiology (22.0%; n = 162/738), after respiratory tract infections (37.3%; n = 275/738). Children with malaria (63 ± 39 months) were older than children without malaria (40 ± 37 months) (p = 0.0013). Hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet values were lower in children with malaria than in those without malaria (p < 0.0001). Anemia was the most common feature of severe malaria (70.6%; n = 12/17), followed by neurological involvement (23.5%; n = 4/17). The prevalence of malaria was significantly higher in children older than 60 months than in younger children (40% vs. 15.5%; p < 0.0001). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 97.5% of cases (158/162), followed by Plasmodium malariae (2.5%; n = 4/162). Bed net use was high (74.4%; n = 697/936) and contributed to malaria prevention (p = 0.001). Good basic knowledge of malaria also had a preventive effect (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of malaria in children in Franceville did not decrease significantly from 2009 to 2012, remaining at about 20%, highlighting that preventive measures should be reinforced.

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Malaria in Gabon: Results of a clinical and laboratory study at the Chinese-Gabonese Friendship Hospital of Franceville

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 Resistance Genes in Post Chloroquine Era in South-South Region of Nigeria

Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr 1 Resistance Genes in Post Chloroquine Era in South-South Region of Nigeria

Comparative antibody responses against three antimalarial vaccine candidate antigens from urban and rural exposed individuals in Gabon

Prevalence of malaria, prevention measures, and main clinical features in febrile children admitted to the Franceville Regional Hospital, Gabon

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