Malaria in immuno-suppressed individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in north-central Nigeria

Pam, C.R.; Abubakar, Bawa; Inwang, G.O.; Amuga, Gideon

doi:10.4314/njpar.v39i1.4

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Higher infection among patients with lower CD4 cell count in this study agrees with [16] who reported the prevalence of 90.91% in patients with CD4 < 200, 21.21% among those with CD4 between 200-349, 23.81% among those with CD4 of 350-499 while the least infection (11.43%) was found among patients with CD4 < 500. Similarly, [17] reported that lower CD4 cell counts in HIV/AIDS patients were associated with increasing rates of malaria which was 44.12% at CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/µL while 40.38% were recorded at CD4 cell counts greater than 200 cells/µL. This scenario is contrary to [15] who reported higher (47 83%) prevalence of tuberculosis infection in patients with CD4 < 350 than 39.13% recorded in patients with CD4+ T cells count less than 200 cell/…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of Malaria and Some Opportunistic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Patients with CD4 Below 200 in Faith Alive Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Dawet¹,

Onaiyekan²

2020

Int J Virol AIDS

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) resulting to a progressive decline in the immune system of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) making them susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections which eventually leads to death. This study aimed at determining the prevalence malaria and some opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 count below 200 attending Faith Alive Hospital, Jos, Plateau State. The testing for opportunistic infections was done using thick and thin blood films for haemoparasites, formal ether concentration technique for stool, sedimentation technique for urine for intestinal parasites and modified Ziehl-Neelsen's technique to examine the sputum for bacteria and other parasites. Higher infection of 96 (96%) out of the 100 patients examined was recorded. Of this, malaria was the most common infection with 86 (86.0%) (P < 0.05). 6 (6.0%) were tested positive for tuberculosis and 4 (4.0%) had cryptosporidiosis while 4 (4.0%) had no infection. The study reveals that most HIV/AIDS patients with CD4 below 200 were infected and there is need for regular checkup and prophylaxis to reduce the prevalence of these infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of Malaria and Some Opportunistic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Patients with CD4 Below 200 in Faith Alive Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Dawet¹,

Onaiyekan²

2020

Int J Virol AIDS

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“… 17 Malaria has been identified as a risk factor for concurrent HIV infection at the population level in the recent past. 13 Studies have addressed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria, 18 , 19 association between clinical malaria and immunosuppression among HIV-positive patients. 20 and effects of malaria infection on HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria, 4 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 but information on malaria as an opportunistic infection in HIV-positive individuals is scanty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 Studies have addressed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria, 18 , 19 association between clinical malaria and immunosuppression among HIV-positive patients. 20 and effects of malaria infection on HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria, 4 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 but information on malaria as an opportunistic infection in HIV-positive individuals is scanty. As such, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency among HIV-positive patients in Abuja, Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? – A Nigerian experience

Enuma

Sanni²,

Matur

et al. 2022

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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Background: HIV and malaria interact at the level of the host’s susceptibility to infection, but little is known about the effect of HIV on malaria infection in Nigeria.Objective: This study estimated the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013 among 600 respondents, comprising 200 HIV-negative controls, 200 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 200 HIV-positive patients not on ART. Malaria parasites, malaria density and absolute CD4 counts were carried out on all three groups. Participants with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm3 were considered immunocompromised and likely to develop opportunistic infections.Results: Most study participants were aged 21–40 years (65.2%). The mean CD4 counts of HIV-positive patients not on ART (300 ± 211 cells/mm3) and those on ART (354 cells/mm3) were significantly lower than among controls (834 cells/mm3) (p 0.001). Malaria prevalence was not statistically different between the controls (44.5%), patients on ART (40.5%), and those not on ART (39.5%) (p = 0.562). Compared to 7% immunodeficiency among controls, 56% of patients on ART and 65.5% of those not on ART had a CD4 count 350 cells/mm3 (p 0.001). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among immunodeficient individuals (42.4%) was similar to prevalence among those with CD4 counts 350 cells/mm3 (40.8%; p = 0.695).Conclusion: These findings suggest that malaria parasitaemia is not an opportunistic infection among HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria.

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Malaria in immuno-suppressed individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in north-central Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

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Prevalence of Malaria and Some Opportunistic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Patients with CD4 Below 200 in Faith Alive Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Prevalence of Malaria and Some Opportunistic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Patients with CD4 Below 200 in Faith Alive Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? – A Nigerian experience

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