Malaria in India: The Need for New Targets for Diagnosis and Detection of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>

Patankar, Swati; Sharma, Shobhona; Rathod, Pradipsinh K.; Duraisingh, Manoj T.

doi:10.1002/prca.201700024

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Because sequestration in tissues is not a key phase in P. vivax development, gametocytes mature significantly faster than P. falciparum gametocytes [ 100 ]. Evidence also suggests that P. vivax forms gametocytes at a rate that is higher (up to 20% every cycle) than that of P. falciparum [ 149 ]. Mature P. vivax gametocytes are found in the bloodstream far earlier and before the beginning of clinical illness, virtually certainly before patients seek treatment [ 142 ].…”

Section: Control Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax: the potential obstacles it presents to malaria elimination and eradication

Habtamu

Petros

Yan

2022

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Initiatives to eradicate malaria have a good impact on P. falciparum malaria worldwide. P. vivax, however, still presents significant difficulties. This is due to its unique biological traits, which, in comparison to P. falciparum, pose serious challenges for malaria elimination approaches. P. vivax's numerous distinctive characteristics and its ability to live for weeks to years in liver cells in its hypnozoite form, which may elude the human immune system and blood-stage therapy and offer protection during mosquito-free seasons. Many malaria patients are not fully treated because of contraindications to primaquine use in pregnant and nursing women and are still vulnerable to P. vivax relapses, although there are medications that could radical cure P. vivax. Additionally, due to CYP2D6's highly variable genetic polymorphism, the pharmacokinetics of primaquine may be impacted. Due to their inability to metabolize PQ, some CYP2D6 polymorphism alleles can cause patients to not respond to treatment. Tafenoquine offers a radical treatment in a single dose that overcomes the potentially serious problem of poor adherence to daily primaquine. Despite this benefit, hemolysis of the early erythrocytes continues in individuals with G6PD deficiency until all susceptible cells have been eliminated. Field techniques such as microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) miss the large number of submicroscopic and/or asymptomatic infections brought on by reticulocyte tropism and the low parasitemia levels that accompany it. Moreover, P. vivax gametocytes grow more quickly and are much more prevalent in the bloodstream. P. vivax populations also have a great deal of genetic variation throughout their genome, which ensures evolutionary fitness and boosts adaptation potential. Furthermore, P. vivax fully develops in the mosquito faster than P. falciparum. These characteristics contribute to parasite reservoirs in the human population and facilitate faster transmission. Overall, no genuine chance of eradication is predicted in the next few years unless new tools for lowering malaria transmission are developed (i.e., malaria elimination and eradication). The challenging characteristics of P. vivax that impede the elimination and eradication of malaria are thus discussed in this article.

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Section: Control Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax: the potential obstacles it presents to malaria elimination and eradication

Habtamu

Petros

Yan

2022

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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“…25 The MESA-ICEMR team will probe and identify additional parasite antigens that could be used for malaria diagnosis in rapid diagnostic tests, and to provide a better understanding of host-parasite interactions. 26 RMRC-Dibrugarh. In addition to MESA-ICEMR studies in Goa, a second highly active partnership is with a Government of India research laboratory in RMRC (Indian Council of Medical Research), Dibrugarh, in the northeastern state of Assam.…”

Section: Stakeholders At Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stakeholders At Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research for South Asia and Broader Malaria Research in India

Mascarenhas

Chakrabarti

Chery-Karschney

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ABSTRACT. The Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA) International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) conducted research studies at multiple sites in India to record blood-slide positivity over time, but also to study broader aspects of the disease. From the Southwest of India (Goa) to the Northeast (Assam), the MESA-ICEMR invested in research equipment, operational capacity, and trained personnel to observe frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections, clinical presentations, treatment effectiveness, vector transmission, and reinfections. With Government of India partners, Indian and U.S. academics, and trained researchers on the ground, the MESA-ICEMR team contributes information on malaria in selected parts of India.

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“…Apart from direct microscopy, several useful protein antigens were targeted in the rapid diagnosis of malaria (Patankar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Microbiology in India: the recent developments in the basic research, diagnostics and vaccines

Virdi¹,

Singhal²,

Maurya³

et al. 2019

PINSA

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Medical microbiology being the largest subset under microbiology brings out the benefits of the research in the field of microbiology for the welfare of the masses through applied medical science. Researchers around the globe are working tirelessly in this field in order to prevent, diagnose and treat infectious diseases well in time. India being a tropical country with poor socio-economic conditions and slack healthcare schemes has wide range and burden of the infectious diseases. This has led to the researchers here to take up the challenging tasks of medical microbiology research, they are actively working and the present article reviews the exemplary contribution of these researchers from India in the last decade. This enlists the basic research carried to assess the infections caused by Rotavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),

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Malaria in India: The Need for New Targets for Diagnosis and Detection of Plasmodium vivax

Cited by 7 publications

References 66 publications

Plasmodium vivax: the potential obstacles it presents to malaria elimination and eradication

Plasmodium vivax: the potential obstacles it presents to malaria elimination and eradication

International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research for South Asia and Broader Malaria Research in India

Medical Microbiology in India: the recent developments in the basic research, diagnostics and vaccines

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