Malaria morbidity and pyrethroid resistance after the introduction of insecticide-treated bednets and artemisinin-based combination therapies: a longitudinal study

Trape, Jean‐François; Tall, Adama; Diagne, Nafissatou; Ndiath, Ousmane; Ly, Alioune Badara; Faye, Joseph; Dieye-Ba, Fambaye; Roucher, Clémentine; Bouganali, Charles; Badiane, Alpha; Sarr, Fatoumata Diène; Mazenot, Catherine; Touré-Baldé, Aïssatou; Raoult, Didier; Druilhe, Pierre; Mercereau‐Puijalon, Odile; Rogier, Christophe; Sokhna, Cheikh

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70194-3

Cited by 295 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[1][2][3] In Senegal, malaria transmission has declined recently, 4 although Plasmodium falciparum remains endemic throughout the country. 5 Malaria transmission occurs from mosquito to man and from man to mosquito.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectiousness of the Human Population to Anopheles arabiensis by Direct Skin Feeding in an Area Hypoendemic for Malaria in Senegal

Gaye¹,

Bousema²,

Gadiaga³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Direct skin feeding experiments are sensitive assays to determine human infectiousness to mosquitoes but are rarely used in malaria epidemiological surveys. We determined the infectiousness of inhabitants of a malaria hypoendemic area in Senegal. Gametocyte prevalence by microscopy was 13.5% (26 of 192). Of all individuals who were gametocyte positive, 44.4% (11 of 25) infected 1 Anopheles arabiensis mosquito and 10.8% (54 of 500) of mosquitoes became infected. Of all individuals who were gametocyte negative by microscopy, 4.3% (7 of 162) infected 1 mosquito and 0.4% (12 of 3240) of mosquitoes became infected. The 18.2% (12 of 66) of all mosquito infections was a result of submicroscopic gametocyte carriage and two individuals without asexual parasites or gametocytes by microscopy were infectious to mosquitoes. When infectivity and local demography was taken into account, children 5-14 years of age contributed 50.8% of the human infectious reservoir for malaria. Adults and submicroscopic gametocyte carriers may contribute considerably to onward malaria transmission in our setting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectiousness of the Human Population to Anopheles arabiensis by Direct Skin Feeding in an Area Hypoendemic for Malaria in Senegal

Gaye¹,

Bousema²,

Gadiaga³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The development of effective malaria vaccines is a high priority for malaria control and elimination, particularly in light of increasing drug resistance (2,3), as well as the declining efficacy of vector control interventions in some populations that is compromising current control efforts (4). Effective immunity develops naturally in humans following exposure to P. falciparum infection, which has long provided a strong rationale that the development of malaria vaccines is achievable and highlights the importance of understanding the targets and mechanisms of immunity (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Prioritization of Merozoite Antigens as Targets of Protective Human Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria for Vaccine and Biomarker Development

Richards

Arumugam

Reiling

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

217

240

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The development of effective malaria vaccines and immune biomarkers of malaria is a high priority for malaria control and elimination. Ags expressed by merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum are likely to be important targets of human immunity and are promising vaccine candidates, but very few Ags have been studied. We developed an approach to assess Ab responses to a comprehensive repertoire of merozoite proteins and investigate whether they are targets of protective Abs. We expressed 91 recombinant proteins, located on the merozoite surface or within invasion organelles, and screened them for quality and reactivity to human Abs. Subsequently, Abs to 46 proteins were studied in a longitudinal cohort of 206 Papua New Guinean children to define Ab acquisition and associations with protective immunity. Ab responses were higher among older children and those with active parasitemia. High-level Ab responses to rhoptry and microneme proteins that function in erythrocyte invasion were identified as being most strongly associated with protective immunity compared with other Ags. Additionally, Abs to new or understudied Ags were more strongly associated with protection than were Abs to current vaccine candidates that have progressed to phase 1 or 2 vaccine trials. Combinations of Ab responses were identified that were more strongly associated with protective immunity than responses to their single-Ag components. This study identifies Ags that are likely to be key targets of protective human immunity and facilitates the prioritization of Ags for further evaluation as vaccine candidates and/or for use as biomarkers of immunity in malaria surveillance and control.

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“…Despite valid concerns regarding physiological resistance to insecticides, 19 and clear evidence of vector population rebound in two cases, [20][21][22] IRS and LLINs continue to deliver the valuable levels of transmission control predicted by Eckhoff in most contexts. [13][14][15] Encouragingly, pyrethroid resistance was successfully managed in the South African example by reverting to DDT as the active ingredient for IRS, so that vector control and even elimination has been sustained on a national scale for half a century with only one major interruption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Encouragingly, pyrethroid resistance was successfully managed in the South African example by reverting to DDT as the active ingredient for IRS, so that vector control and even elimination has been sustained on a national scale for half a century with only one major interruption. 22,23 Recent evidence of rebounding vector populations and malaria transmission in Senegal soon after LLIN introduction, 20 is undoubtedly worrying. Furthermore, resistance management strategies for nets are far more challenging because direct contact with the user currently limits choice of active ingredients to a single insecticides class-the pyrethroids upon which we have become so dangerously dependent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A second chance to tackle African malaria vector mosquitoes that avoid houses and don't take drugs

Killeen

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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Malaria morbidity and pyrethroid resistance after the introduction of insecticide-treated bednets and artemisinin-based combination therapies: a longitudinal study

Cited by 295 publications

References 28 publications

Infectiousness of the Human Population to Anopheles arabiensis by Direct Skin Feeding in an Area Hypoendemic for Malaria in Senegal

Infectiousness of the Human Population to Anopheles arabiensis by Direct Skin Feeding in an Area Hypoendemic for Malaria in Senegal

Identification and Prioritization of Merozoite Antigens as Targets of Protective Human Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum Malaria for Vaccine and Biomarker Development

A second chance to tackle African malaria vector mosquitoes that avoid houses and don't take drugs

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