Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Streatfield, Peter Kim; Khan, Wasif Ali; Bhuiya, Abbas; Hanifi, Syed Manzoor Ahmed; Alam, Nurul; Diboulo, Eric; Sié, Ali; Yé, Maurice; Compaoré, Yacouba; Soura, Abdramane; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Jaeger, Fabienne N.; N’Goran, Eliézer K.; Utzinger, Jüerg; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Mulugeta, Afework; Weldearegawi, Berhe; Gomez, Pierre; Jasseh, Momodou; Hodgson, Abraham; Oduro, Abraham; Welaga, Paul; Williams, John E.; Awini, Elizabeth; Binka, Fred; Gyapong, Margaret; Kant, Shashi; Misra, Puneet; Srivastava, Rahul; Chaudhary, Bharat; Juvekar, Sanjay; Wahab, Abdul; Wilopo, Siswanto Agus; Bauni, Evasius; Mochamah, George; Ndila, Carolyne; Williams, Thomas N.; Hamel, Mary J.; Lindblade, Kim A.; Odhiambo, Frank; Slutsker, Laurence; Ezeh, Alex; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Wamukoya, Marylene; Delaunay, Valérie; Diallo, Aldiouma; Douillot, Laëtitia; Sokhna, Cheikh; Gómez‐Olivé, F. Xavier; Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson; Mee, Paul; Herbst, Kobus; Mossong, Joël; Chúc, Nguyễn Thị Kim; Arthur, Samuelina S.; Sankoh, Osman; Tanner, Marcel; Byass, Peter

doi:10.3402/gha.v7.25369

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Within the Kombewa HDSS population, malaria was the second leading cause of death, accounting for 10.3% of all deaths. Rates of death attributed to malaria were largely consistent with those in the Kisumu HDSS (11.6% of all deaths), and were higher, as expected, than rates of death attributed to malaria in Nairobi and Kilifi (1.1% and 2.8%, respectively) [27]. Kisumu and Kombewa are known to be malaria endemic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011–2015

Sifuna

Otieno

Ogwang

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: The vast majority of deaths in the health and Kombewa demographic surveillance system (HDSS) study area are not registered and reported through official systems of vital registration. As a result, few data are available regarding causes of death in this population. Objectives: To describe causes of death among residents of all ages in the Kombewa HDSS, located in rural Western Kenya. Methods: Verbal autopsy (VA) interviews at the site were conducted using the modified 2007 and later 2012 standardized WHO questionnaires. Assignment of causes of death was made using the InterVA-4 model version 4.02. Cox regression model, adjusted for sex, was built to evaluate the influence of age on mortality. Results: There were a total of 5196 deaths recorded between 2011 and 2015 at the site. VA interviews were successfully completed for 3903 of these deaths (75.1%). Mortality rates were highest among neonates HR = 38.54 (<0.001) and among Infants HR = 2.07 (<0.006) in the Kombewa HDSS. Among those deaths in which VA was performed, the top causes of death were HIV/AIDS (12.6%), Malaria (10.3%), Pneumonia (10.1%), Acute abdomen (7.0%), Stroke (5.2%) and TB (4.9%) for the whole population in general. Stroke, acute abdomen heart diseases and Pneumonia were common causes of death (CODs) among the elderly over the age of 65. Conclusions: The analysis established the main CODs among people of all ages within the area served by the Kombewa HDSS. We hope that information generated from this study will help better address preventable deaths in the surveyed community as well as help mitigate negative health impacts in other rural communities throughout the Western Kenya region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011–2015

Sifuna

Otieno

Ogwang

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…More specific considerations of mortality due to malaria, HIV and external causes are given in accompanying papers (12–14) ; these causes are included here for the sake of completeness rather than for detailed discussion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Streatfield

Khan

Bhuiya

et al. 2014

Global Health Action

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BackgroundChildhood mortality, particularly in the first 5 years of life, is a major global concern and the target of Millennium Development Goal 4. Although the majority of childhood deaths occur in Africa and Asia, these are also the regions where such deaths are least likely to be registered. The INDEPTH Network works to alleviate this problem by collating detailed individual data from defined Health and Demographic Surveillance sites. By registering deaths and carrying out verbal autopsies to determine cause of death across many such sites, using standardised methods, the Network seeks to generate population-based mortality statistics that are not otherwise available.ObjectiveTo present a description of cause-specific mortality rates and fractions over the first 15 years of life as documented by INDEPTH Network sites in sub-Saharan Africa and south-east Asia.DesignAll childhood deaths at INDEPTH sites are routinely registered and followed up with verbal autopsy (VA) interviews. For this study, VA archives were transformed into the WHO 2012 VA standard format and processed using the InterVA-4 model to assign cause of death. Routine surveillance data also provided person-time denominators for mortality rates. Cause-specific mortality rates and cause-specific mortality fractions are presented according to WHO 2012 VA cause groups for neonatal, infant, 1–4 year and 5–14 year age groups.ResultsA total of 28,751 childhood deaths were documented during 4,387,824 person-years over 18 sites. Infant mortality ranged from 11 to 78 per 1,000 live births, with under-5 mortality from 15 to 152 per 1,000 live births. Sites in Vietnam and Kenya accounted for the lowest and highest mortality rates reported.ConclusionsMany children continue to die from relatively preventable causes, particularly in areas with high rates of malaria and HIV/AIDS. Neonatal mortality persists at relatively high, and perhaps sometimes under-documented, rates. External causes of death are a significant childhood problem in some settings.

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“…The high under-five mortality rate in Kisumu compared to the DHS under-five mortality rate could be explained by the high prevalence of malaria in the area. Some reports show that malaria is the leading cause of child mortality in Kisumu [30, 31]. The disruption of health services in Kisumu during the post-election period in 2008 would also have increased child mortality rates [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under-five mortality rate variation between the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) approaches

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSeveral low and middle-income countries (LMIC) use Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and/or Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) to monitor the health of their population. The level and trends of under-five mortality rates could be different in the HDSS sites compared to the DHS reports. In this study, we investigated the change in under-five mortality rates overtime in the HDSS sites and the corresponding DHS reports in eight countries and 13 sites.MethodsUnder-five mortality rates in the HDSS sites were determined using number of under-five deaths (numerator) and live births (denominator). The trends and annualized rate of change (ARC) of under-five mortality rates in the HDSS sites and the DHS reports were compared by fitting exponential function.ResultsUnder-five mortality rates declined substantially in most of the sites during the last 10–15 years. Ten out of 13 (77 %) HDSS sites have consistently lower under-five mortality rates than the DHS under-five mortality rates. In the Kilifi HDSS in Kenya, under-five mortality rate declined by 65.6 % between 2003 and 2014 with ARC of 12.2 % (95 % CI: 9.4–15.0). In the same period, the DHS under-five mortality rate in the Coastal region of Kenya declined by 50.8 % with ARC of 6 % (95 % CI: 2.0–9.0). The under-five mortality rate reduction in the Mlomp (78.1 %) and Niakhar (80.8 %) HDSS sites in Senegal during 1993–2012 was significantly higher than the mortality decline observed in the DHS report during the same period. On the other hand, the Kisumu HDSS in Kenya had lower under-five mortality reduction (15.8 %) compared to the mortality reduction observed in the DHS report (27.7 %) during 2003–2008. Under-five mortality rate rose by 27 % in the Agincourt HDSS in South Africa between 1998 to 2003 that was contrary to the 18 % under-five mortality reduction in the DHS report during the same period.ConclusionsThe inconsistency between HDSS and DHS approaches could have global implication on the estimation of child mortality and ethical issues on mortality inequalities. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the reasons of child mortality variation between the HDSS and the DHS approaches.

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Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011–2015

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011–2015

Cause-specific childhood mortality in Africa and Asia: evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites

Under-five mortality rate variation between the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) approaches

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