Malathion-induced spermatozoal oxidative damage and alterations in sperm quality of endangered trout Salmo coruhensis

Abstract

The use of pesticides has been increased along with increasing the farming activities and has caused environmental impacts deleteriously. In particular, non-target organisms including fish can be affected by toxic effects of pesticides. Therefore, the impacts of malathion (MTN) on oxidative stress and sperm quality were investigated in vitro. The MTN concentrations used on this study were 0 (control), 75, 100, and 125 μg/L. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), non-enzymatic (GSH), and enzymatic (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) activities in spermatozoa were examined for determination of oxidative stress status. Our findings showed that motility rate and period of sperm cells significantly decreased with exposure to MTN. Biochemical assays revealed that CAT activity and levels of MDA, GSH increased in spermatozoa based on concentration while activity of GSH-Px and SOD decreased. Consequently, spermatozoa were highly sensitive to MTN exposure. MTN has disruptive effects on sperm quality and caused to oxidative stress in spermatozoa.

Malathion exposure during juvenile and peripubertal periods downregulate androgen receptor and 17-ß-HSD testicular gene expression and compromised sperm quality in rats

“…Corroborating our results, Kocabaş et al 48 showed that sperm cells exposed to malathion in an in vitro model (75, 100, and 125 μg/L) showed increased antioxidant enzyme CAT activity and reduced SOD activity, even though MDA GSH levels were unaltered. Thus, we confirmed that malathion alters the oxidative status of sperm cells, regardless of the model used.…”

Glutathione and its dependent enzymes’ modulatory responses to neonicotinoid insecticide sulfoxaflor induced oxidative damage in zebrafish in vivo

“…[27][28][29][30][31] Pesticides display toxic effects causing oxidative stress and affecting antioxidants statues including enzymatic elements such as superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.21), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18), or non-enzymatic such as glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, tocopherol are being studied as potential biomarkers in environmental risk assessment together with lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS). [32][33][34][35][36] GSH is the most abundant intracellular small molecule thiol and a water-soluble tripeptide composed of the amino acids glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. As an important antioxidant, GSH plays a role in the detoxification of a variety of electrophilic compounds and peroxides via catalysis by GST and GPx.…”