“…Teachers in this study mostly attributed the causes of challenging behaviour to student- and family-related factors compared to teacher-related factors across all vignettes. These results are similar to other studies in Australia and China (Ho, 2004), Malaysia (Zakaria et al, 2013), USA (Nungesser & Watkins, 2005), New Zealand (Johansen et al, 2011), Bangladesh (Malak et al, 2014), India (Joseph et al, 2021), Indonesia (Paramita et al, 2020), Greece (Bibou-Nakou et al, 2000), and Turkey (Erbas et al, 2010). The findings of this study suggest that teachers tend to attribute the causes of students’ behaviour to students and families and more often do not take any responsibility for students’ challenging behaviours themselves.…”