Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

Perović, Tatjana; Blažej, Zorica

doi:10.12659/msm.907485

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…With regard to gender evaluations, there was no significant difference between males and females with Class III malocclusions in soft tissue studies [24][25][26][27][28][29] . In our study, although soft tissue parameters were generally higher in males, a significant difference was observed in approximately one-quarter of the measurements made by gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

Kale

Büyükçavuş

2020

Sci Rep

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The aim of our study was to compare soft tissue measurements with 3D imaging methods in individuals with untreated skeletal and pseudo-Class III malocclusions. The study sample consisted of 75 patients (38 males, 37 females, mean age 12.41 ± 2.35 years) with pseudo- and true skeletal Class III malocclusions and skeletal Class I malocclusions. Soft tissue evaluations of all patients were performed using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial images. In our study, 26 landmarks, 17 linear measurements, 13 angular measurements, and 5 volume measurements were made using the 3dMD Vultus software. The significance was determined to be p < 0.05 in ANOVA, Tukey tests. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). The skeletal Class I control group had a significantly more extended upper lip and vermillion length as compared to the Class III groups. The soft tissue convexity angle and upper nasal angle were found to be wider in the Class III malocclusion group compared to those in the Class I control group. While the pseudo-Class III group had a significantly lower midface volume, chin volume was significantly higher in the skeletal class group. Upper lip volume was significantly higher in the Class I group. Using 3dMD for guiding clinicians in the differential soft and hard tissue diagnosis of pseudo-Class III malocclusions, differences were revealed in Class I patients in the middle part of the face. In the differential diagnosis of true Class III malocclusions, chin volume was found to be different from that of Class I patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

Kale

Büyükçavuş

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, the studies of soft tissue cephalometric norms in Caucasian and Singaporean Chinese populations did not perform gender-stratified analysis [12,24], limiting a direct comparison with the current 3D Taiwanese Chinese data. The Bustone cephalometric method used in this study is a quantitative technique commonly employed for orthognathic surgical planning and outcome assessment [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, other methods exist which use 3D digital image-based measurements to enhance the arsenal of strategies and possibilities of clinicians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To set a normative database of 3D Burstone cephalometric measurements for Taiwanese Chinese, a total of 27 linear and nine angular measurements were generated using Simplant software. For this, all craniofacial bone and soft-tissue anatomical landmarks and reference planes (22,14, and 8 parameters, respectively) were standardized based on previous descriptions (Tables 1 and 2, Figures 2 and 3) [11,12,[33][34][35]. Two Burstone analysis-related anatomical landmarks (i.e., PtM and Ar) [11,12] were adapted; the anterior base length (S-N) replaced the cranial base length (Ar-PtM-N) and the Co-Go replaced Ar-Go for ramus length measurement.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Burstone Cephalometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1978, Burstone developed the "Cephalometrics for Orthognathic Surgery" [11,12]-a detailed analytical method which is widely accepted and used in the fields of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This two-dimensional (2D) image-based cephalometric method includes clinically useful facial bone (linear and angular measurements in horizontal and vertical directions) and soft-tissue (facial form and lip position) analysis [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer-Aided Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: A Comparative Study with the Establishment of Burstone Analysis-Derived 3D Norms

Denadai

Lai

et al. 2019

JCM

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Three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided simulation has revolutionized orthognathic surgery treatment, but scarce 3D cephalometric norms have been defined to date. The purposes of this study were to (1) establish a normative database of 3D Burstone cephalometric measurements for adult male and female Chinese in Taiwan, (2) compare this 3D norm dataset with the two-dimensional (2D) Burstone norms from Caucasian and Singaporean Chinese populations, and (3) apply these 3D norms to assess the outcome of a computer-aided simulation of orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional Burstone cephalometric analysis was performed on 3D digital craniofacial image models generated from cone-beam computed tomography datasets of 60 adult Taiwanese Chinese individuals with normal occlusion and balanced facial profile. Three-dimensional Burstone analysis was performed on 3D image datasets from patients with skeletal Class III pattern (n = 30) with prior computer-aided simulation. Three-dimensional Burstone cephalometric measurements showed that Taiwanese Chinese males had significantly (p < 0.05) larger anterior and posterior facial heights, maxillary length, and mandibular ramus height than females, with no significant (p > 0.05) difference for facial soft-tissue parameters. The 3D norm dataset revealed Taiwanese Chinese-specific facial characteristics, with Taiwanese presenting (p < 0.05) a more convex profile, protrusive maxillary apical bases, protruding mandible, protruding upper and lower lips, and a shorter maxillary length and lower facial height than Caucasians. Taiwanese had significantly (p < 0.05) larger maxillary projection, vertical height ratio, lower face throat angle, nasolabial angle, and upper lip protrusion than Singaporean Chinese. No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed between 3D norms and computer-aided simulation-derived 3D patient images for horizontal skeletal, vertical skeletal, and dental measurements, with the exception of two dental parameters (p < 0.05). This study contributes to literature by providing gender- and ethnic-specific 3D Burstone cephalometric norms, which can assist in the multidisciplinary-based delivery of orthodontic surgical care for Taiwanese Chinese individuals worldwide, including orthodontic management, computer-assisted simulation, and outcome assessment.

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“…But do there exist unified standards and standards for the planning of profile metric characteristics? With the development of science, more and more researches has been accumulated that proves the existence of statistically significant ethnic, sex [11,24], age and constitutional differences in facial characteristics [1,6,8,[13][14][15]30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the face profile in ukrainian young men and girls with orthognathic bite

Dmitriev

2018

Biomed. and Biosoc. Anthrop.

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Modern dentistry requires the definition of individualized values of teleroentgenographic indicators. To solve such problems, methods of regression and correlation analysis are increasingly used, which help to establish not only the existence of various relationships between the anatomical structures of the head and the parameters of the dento-jaw system, but also allow more accurately predict the change in the contour of soft facial tissue in response to orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the study is to develop mathematical models for the determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the facial soft tissues by studying the cephalometric indices of young men and women of Ukraine with normal occlusion and balanced faces and conducting a direct stepwise regression analysis. With the use of Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan) from 38 young men (17 to 21 years of age) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with occlusal close to the orthognathic bite and balanced faces received side teleroentgenograms. The cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ licensed software. Cephalometric points and measurements were made according to the recommendations of Downs W. B., Holdway R. A., McNamara J., Schwarz A. M., Schmuth G. P. F., Steiner C. C. and Tweed C. H. With the help of direct stepwise regression analysis, in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0”, regression models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were constructed. In young men with normal occlusion close to the orthognathic bite of 19 possible models, 11 were constructed with a determination coefficient from 0.638 to 0.930, and in young women – 12 models with a determination coefficient from 0.541 to 0.927. The conducted analysis of models showed that in young men most often the regression equations included – angle N_POG, parameters of which indicate a linear interjaw relation in the anterior-posterior direction (14.0%); angle GL_SNPOG, or index of convexity of the soft tissue profile (8.8%); MAX maxillary length (7.0%), and GL_SN_S index, which defines vertical correlations in the facial profile (5.3%). The young women most often models included – the angle N_POG (12.5%); angle GL_SNPOG (7.5%); soft tissue front angle P_OR_N (6.25%); the reference angle ML_NL and the profile angle T (by 5.0%); the angle AB_NPOG, the angle NBA_PTGN, which defines the direction of development of the mandible and the distance PN_A (3.75%). Thus, in the work with the help of the method of stepwise regression with inclusion, among Ukrainians of adolescence age, based on the characteristics of teleroentgenographic indicators, reliable models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were developed and analyzed.

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Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

Computer-Aided Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: A Comparative Study with the Establishment of Burstone Analysis-Derived 3D Norms

Determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the face profile in ukrainian young men and girls with orthognathic bite

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