Male Asparagus Hybrids: `Jersey Gem', `Jersey General', `Jersey King', `Jersey Knight', and `Jersey Titan'

Ellison, J. H.; Garrison, Stephen A.; Kinelski, J. J.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.25.7.816

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This genus includes commercially important vegetable species, most prominently A. officinalis, and some species with great ornamental and/or medicinal value, such as A. setaceus and A. cochinchinensis. There are three subgenera in the Asparagus genus: Asparagus, Myrsiphyllum, and Protasparagus 2,4,5 . Within the Asparagus subgenus, all species are dioecious, whereas the species in the Myrsiphyllum and Protasparagus subgenera are hermaphroditic 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation and evolutionary analysis of the ornamental plant Asparagus setaceus

Wang

Dong

et al. 2020

Hortic Res

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Asparagus setaceus is a popular ornamental plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions globally. Here, we constructed a chromosome-scale reference genome of A. setaceus to facilitate the investigation of its genome characteristics and evolution. Using a combination of Nanopore long reads, Illumina short reads, 10× Genomics linked reads, and Hi-C data, we generated a high-quality genome assembly of A. setaceus covering 710.15 Mb, accounting for 98.63% of the estimated genome size. A total of 96.85% of the sequences were anchored to ten superscaffolds corresponding to the ten chromosomes. The genome of A. setaceus was predicted to contain 28,410 genes, 25,649 (90.28%) of which were functionally annotated. A total of 65.59% of the genome was occupied by repetitive sequences, among which long terminal repeats were predominant (42.51% of the whole genome). Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time of A. setaceus from its close relative A. officinalis of~9.66 million years ago, and A. setaceus underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplication. In addition, 762 specific gene families, 96 positively selected genes, and 76 resistance (R) genes were detected and functionally predicted in A. setaceus. These findings provide new knowledge about the characteristics and evolution of the A. setaceus genome, and will facilitate comparative genetic and genomic research on the genus Asparagus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation and evolutionary analysis of the ornamental plant Asparagus setaceus

Wang

Dong

et al. 2020

Hortic Res

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“…Ellison (1986) noted that “supermales” are rare in asparagus populations, often have poor agronomic traits, and require a long time to identify. Similar techniques were used to create the New Jersey series of “all-male” hybrids ( Ellison and Kinelski, 1985 ; Ellison and Kinelski, 1986 ; Ellison et al., 1990 ). Alternative approaches are needed to obtain supermales from selected males with outstanding agronomic traits.…”

Section: Asparagus Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many present-day cultivars find their origins in Mary Washington, including many supermales. The asparagus breeding community continues to make genetic improvements by focusing on local adaptions to unique environments ( Falloon, 1982 ; Falavigna et al., 1999 ) and through efforts to adapt cultivars to diverse environments ( Ellison et al., 1990 ; González and del Pozo, 2002 ). In addition, they make selections for earliness ( Ellison and Schermerhorn, 1958 ; Ellison et al., 1960a ), emphasize high productivity ( Ellison et al., 1990 ), focus on spear quality ( Huyskes, 1959 ; Siomo, 2018 ), and identify disease resistance ( Lewis and Shoemaker, 1964 ; BusselI and Ryan, 1974 ).…”

Section: Asparagus Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asparagus breeding: Future research needs for sustainable production

Drost

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Productivity in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is determined in part by (1) the selection of superior, adaptive genetics, (2) matching the selected genetics to the production environment, and (3) managing the crop production system in ways to maximize harvest potential that are sustainable, profitable, and efficient. Over the last 100 years, a considerable effort by asparagus researchers has gone into breeding superior genetic lines, testing those in numerous locations, and studying how asparagus responds to a multitude of inputs (fertilizers, irrigation, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides). Farmers worldwide have benefited from all of these improvements. However, as we look to the future, we need to change our research approaches to deal with widely accepted limitations to asparagus growth that if left unanswered will further erode the long-term sustainability and profitability of the crop. In addition, there is a growing need for increased mechanization to offset labor needs. To effectively harvest asparagus, new plant types with more predictable spear emergence patterns need to be bred. This paper will briefly review the historic content of asparagus research and open a discussion on how to refocus international research efforts to breed superior plant materials to meet the challenges of the future.

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“…Male cultivars of asparagus are considered to be superior to dioecious cultivars in crop yield because males do not divert photosynthate into seed production and do not produce seedlings that compete with established plants for water and nutrients. In a comparison at three locations, yields of six male hybrids were significantly greater than, and often double that, of the dioecious 'Mary Washington' (Ellison et al, 1990). In an evaluation of 14 dioecious hybrids, 3-year-old male plants produced more spears than their female counterparts in 10 of the hybrids (Gonzalez-Castanon, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Rapid Sex-typing of Asparagus for Male Hybrid Seed Production using n-Propyl N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamate (NPC)

Aneja¹,

Gianfagna²,

Garrison³

et al. 1999

HortSci

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Precocious flowering can be induced in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) seedlings with N-phenylcarbamate herbicides, such as n-propyl N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) carbamate (NPC); however, only ≈50% of the treated seeds produce flowering plants because these compounds inhibit germination and seedling emergence. We have improved the treatment method by determining the environmental conditions, timing, dose, and duration needed to maximize the percentage of germination, emergence, and flowering. Imbibing seeds in water for 5 days, and then treating germinated seeds with 0.4 mm NPC for 5 days after radicle emergence, with seedling aeration in the light, resulted in the production of flowering seedlings from >90% of the treated seeds. For freshly harvested seeds, in which germination rates are more variable than aged seeds, individual seedlings must be transferred to NPC within 1 day after radicle emergence to produce a high percentage of flowering plants. For seven male asparagus cultivars, chemical induction of flowering in seedlings with NPC produced a sex ratio similar to that of field-grown plants, demonstrating that NPC induces flowering without altering floral differentiation or sex expression. This method can be used for rapidly and accurately identifying the percentage of females in “male” cultivars.

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Male Asparagus Hybrids: `Jersey Gem', `Jersey General', `Jersey King', `Jersey Knight', and `Jersey Titan'

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation and evolutionary analysis of the ornamental plant Asparagus setaceus

Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation and evolutionary analysis of the ornamental plant Asparagus setaceus

Asparagus breeding: Future research needs for sustainable production

Rapid Sex-typing of Asparagus for Male Hybrid Seed Production using n-Propyl N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamate (NPC)

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