Male axillary accessory breast cancer

Abstract

Rationale: Accessory breast cancer is extremely rare among all cancerous diseases, especially in male patients. There were only few male axillary accessory breast cancer cases that have been reported in scientific literatures so far. Hereby, we would like to discuss a case of male axillary accessory breast cancer found in our hospital. Patient concerns: We report a male senile patient suffering from a painful, enlarged, and hardened right axillary mass for more than 20 years. He came for further treatments due to progressive growth of the mass for 11 months with bloody ulceration for more than 1 month. Diagnosis: Pathological examination manifested a grade II infiltrating ductal carcinoma derived from the accessory mammary gland (right axilla), with invasion of local skin. Immunohistochemical examination result: estrogen receptor (++) 90%, progesterone receptor (+++) 100%, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (1+), ki67 (20% positive), prostate specific antigen (−), caudal-related homeobox-2 (−), thyroid transcription factor-1 (−), Synaptophysin (+), NapsinA (1), and CK7 (−). Interventions: Modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph nodes clearance were performed on the accessary breast cancer under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, endocrine therapy was provided for the patient, orally-taken Letrozole was recommended for the rest of the patient's life. Outcomes: The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 3 days after the operation. The patient continued to take Letrozole orally regularly at home and no signs of recurrence were observed. Conclusion: Axillary accessory breast cancer in males is extremely rare, with no conspicuous and typical clinical presentations, which leads to inevitable neglect by clinicians. Therefore, there is significant necessity for clinicians to be cautious with this type of disease.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Accessory Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

“…In addition, 27 studies were excluded because the patients described were female. Finally, 16 studies ( 6 – 21 ) (6 in Chinese and 10 in English, ranging from 1987–2020) corresponding to 16 cases involving male patients were included in the review. Figure 1 illustrates the PRISMA flow chart of the literature search strategy, and Table 1 describes the included articles.…”

Ectopic Male Breast Cancer in Suprapubic Area That Relapsed with Hematogenous Metastasis

“…In the English literature, only 10 cases of ectopic male breast cancer have been reported till date [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ]. The most common site of ectopic male breast cancer is the axilla [ 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 ]. Until now, only 2 cases of non-axillary ectopic male breast cancer (in the lower abdominal wall and perineum) have been reported [ 2 5 ].…”

“…To date, only conventional prognostic factors such as anatomic-based tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, molecular subtype, histologic grade, and Ki-67 are used to predict the prognosis of ectopic male breast cancer as with female breast cancer. Among reported ectopic male breast cancers [ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ], 30% (3/10) cases were already at the T4 stage or had bone metastasis when the diagnosis was established [ 3 10 11 ]. One patient had pathologic stage pT1N1M0 cancer and had relapsed with multiple distant metastases [ 6 ].…”

Axillary Masses as Clinical Manifestations of Male Sweat Gland Carcinoma Associated with Extramammary Paget’s Disease and Accessory Breast Carcinoma: Two Cases Report and Literature Review

“…To our knowledge, ABC in males is extremely rare and only a few cases reported at present [9][10][11][12][13][14]. [19,20], pathology is still the gold standard of diagnosis.…”