Scholarly and lay publications have highlighted increasing online misogyny. We review the dominant, cross-disciplinary analyses and conceptualizations of cisnormative, heterosexist, misogynistic discourses. From feminist media /journal/soc4 1 of 12 her personal website. Other examples of "online hate culture" included a New York Times editor being flooded with anti-Semitic Tweets, and Reddit boards devoted to beating women and denigrating photos of fat women (Stein, 2016).The culture's major culprit, according to author Joel Stein? Trolls. Stein (2016) asserts that, "Trolls are turning social media and comment boards into a giant locker room in a teen movie, with towel-snapping racial epithets and misogyny." Troll expert Whitney Philips writes that trolls aim "to disrupt and upset as many people as possible, using whatever linguistic or behavioral tools are available" (2015, p. 3). Beneath these vaguely gendered statements, we suggest, lies a larger truth: Internet trolls, regardless of in-person gender, are performing virtual manhood acts. Virtual manhood acts, as defined by Moloney and Love (2017), use technologically facilitated textual and visual cues to signal a masculine self in online social spaces, enforce hegemonic sexuality and gender norms, oppress women, and keep men "in the box." The performance of manhood in online social spaces allows the actor to claim the pinnacle of power in our patriarchal society.In this paper, we first offer a brief primer on key, interlocking constructs that form the foundation of this review.We then assess understandings of online misogyny within feminist media scholarship. Next, we explore the sociological perspective and suggest that "virtual manhood acts," a nascent sociological concept, offers perhaps the most useful lens with which to analyze misogyny in virtual social spaces. Reviewing conceptualizations from multiple social scientific literatures allows us to recognize that online misogyny is an important and growing social problem rooted not in women's inherent vulnerability, but in problematic manhood practices that replicate hegemonic hierarchies.