Male Breast Cancer Report of a Series of 50 Cases

Izquierdo, Miguel; Alonso, Carmen; Andrés, Luis de; Ojeda, B.

doi:10.3109/02841869409083946

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A limited number of prospective, randomized clinical studies exist, which indicate the benefit of adjuvant systemic therapy for MBC (88). On the other hand, decreased recurrence and mortality rates have been reported with adjuvant CT in retrospective studies (53,89). Furthermore, the prognosis and response rates to therapy in with metastatic MBC are similar to those of women.…”

Section: Chemotherapy (Ct)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Male Breast Cancer

Yalaza¹,

2016

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, major improvements have been achieved in the understanding of breast cancer, and cure can be offered if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage. However, the disease is more often diagnosed at more advanced stages (3 or 4) in men, in contrast to women. Its rarity among men as well as lack of awareness leads to its detection at later stages. Randomized studies cannot be carried on due to the low incidence of breast cancer in males, with only a few published prospective therapeutic studies in the literature. While the information on male breast cancer (MBC) was obtained from retrospective studies, the recommendations for treatment were derived from studies conducted on female breast cancer (1). This review presents the frequency, etiology, clinical-pathological characteristics and treatment approaches for the rare MBC. Epidemiology-EtiologyMale breast cancer is rare and constitutes 0.5-1% of all patients with breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) Program reported that the incidence of breast cancer was highest at ages 52-71 during 1973-2000, whereas the peak incidence in males was 71 years (2). In fact, some authors state that MBC imitate the behavioral pattern of post-menopausal female breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in males and females has increased in the past 25 years. International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) emphasized this increase and stated that the incidence of female breast cancer increased by 20%, while breast cancer-related deaths increased by 14%. The SEER data also showed that the rate that was 1.1 for 100.000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 for 100.000 men by 2010 (3). In USA, 2240 men were diagnosed with breast cancer within the year 2013. The lifetime rate of diagnosis with male breast cancer is 1 in 1000. According to the IACR Turkey data, 0.37% of all cancer types among males are breast cancer (4, 5). IACR has published its new cancer estimates for the year 2012. The most recent cancer estimates for 28 cancer types in 184 countries, which record cancer data, have been made available for users on the GLOBOCAN 2012 website (6).The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. As a matter of fact, a study conducted in 1995 reported the rate of Stage 1-2 disease on diagnosis as 70%, whereas it was reported as 67% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (7-9). MBC constitutes less than 1% of male cancers and it has a varying rate of incidence across different geographies and ethnic groups (10, 11). Its annual prevalence in Europe is 1 in 10.000 men and these cases constitute less than 1% of all patients with breast cancer (4). However, this rate is above 6% in Central African countries (12). This relatively hig...

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Section: Chemotherapy (Ct)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Male Breast Cancer

Yalaza¹,

2016

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“…For ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a simple mastectomy where the entire breast is removed, including the nipple, areola, and skin but not all the axilla lymph nodes or lumpectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy to the breast is recommended. However, a number of studies have suggested that, although radiation therapy reduces the risk of local recurrence, it has no impact on overall survival (Cutuli et al, 1995;Donegan, Redlich, Lang, & Gall, 1998;Izquierdo, Alonso, De Andres, & Ojeda, 1994;Yidrim & Berberoglu, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer in Men

et al. 2011

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Purpose. The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation and to evaluate prognostic factors, treatment modalities, outcome, and second malignancy in male breast cancer patients. A chart review was conducted of all men treated for breast cancer between January 1991 and December 2007. Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to determine prognostic factors and plot survival probabilities. Invasive carcinoma was diagnosed in 22 patients and ductal carcinoma in situ in 7 patients. With mortality as the endpoint, tumor size indicated hazard ratio (HR) of 1.5 for each 1-cm increase in tumor size (p = .03). Overall stage and increased age were associated with increased risk of mortality (HR = 2.1, p = .055; HR = 1.09 for a 1-year increase in age, p = .08, respectively). Adjuvant radiation therapy yielded an HR of 0.1 (p = .058), indicating a favorable association with the survival. Advanced age, higher stage, and increasing tumor size were unfavorable to survival in male breast carcinoma. The benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy should be addressed in future collaborative studies.

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“…At a median follow-up of 52 months, recurrent disease was reported in four (36%) and seven (64%) patients remained disease-free leading the authors to advocate the use of chemotherapy [29]. In another retrospective analysis that evaluated the effect of adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or both), superior disease-free survival was reported in 17 patients who received adjuvant therapy compared with 21 patients that did not receive any form of adjuvant therapy (72% vs. 47%) [30]. The effect of adjuvant therapy was evaluated in a retrospective study of 51 patients treated with hormonal, chemotherapy or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Patients who received adjuvant systemic therapy had a 43% lower risk of death compared with patients who had not received any form of adjuvant therapy [31]. While these reports and others suggest the possibility of benefit with the adjuvant chemotherapy, they must be interpreted cautiously in view of small patient numbers, limited follow-up and the heterogeneity in disease stage and adjuvant treatment modality studied [16,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%