Male-Female Interactions and the Organization of Mammalian Mating Patterns

Diakow, Carol

doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60024-8

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…In fact, pressure on the back, flanks, and perineum, when applied manually by humans is sufficient for eliciting lordosis in rats. (The evidence for this is reviewed by Diakow, 1974.) It seems unlikely, though, that simple touching of the body causes lordosis in unrestrained female rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion picture analysis of rat mating behavior.

Diakow¹

1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion picture analysis of rat mating behavior.

Diakow¹

1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…These interactions include investigatory behavior (mate searching), mounting, lordosis, intromission, ejaculation and any observable postcopulatory interactions. Although each of these behaviors has been extensively analyzed from hormonal, neural, evolutionary, and genetic approaches (Beach, 1965;Diakow, 1974), energetic studies are still lacking. This is ironic considering that some of the earliest studies in ethology used energetic terms.…”

Section: Matingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Allocation in Mammalian Reproduction

Gittleman

Thompson

1988

Am Zool

739

523

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SYNOPSIS. On behavioral, hormonal, and physiological grounds, mammalian reproduction can be compartmentalized into the following continuous sequence of events: mating (courtship, estrous), gestation, parturition, lactation, post-lactational parental care, and maternal recovery. We point out that comparing the relative allocation of energy for these events across mammals is difficult because of life history variability (e.g., litter size, birth weight), allometry, phylogeny, and individual variation. We review the empirical and theoretical literature on each of these events with respect to: different methodologies in measuring energy use; broad patterns of energy consumption across diverse mammalian taxa; and, identification of particular reproductive characteristics {e.g., birthing, parental care) which may be costly but have yet to receive energetic measurements. Although most studies have considered gestation and lactation the critical reproductive events for energy expenditure, variation in these events is substantial and almost certainly is a function of relative allocation of time to gestation vs. lactation as well as the presumed energetic costs of mating, birthing and parental care. In addition, repeated observations show that behavioral compensation is an extremely important strategy for minimizing energy requirements during reproduction. From this review, we argue that more complete analyses will come from (1) incorporating energetic measurements in studies of mammalian behavior and (2) including mechanisms of behavioral compensation into physiological studies.

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“…In particular, ethologists have observed the interactions between mother birds and their offspring before and after hatching; for example, the parent responds to embryonic vocalizations (Hess, 1973;Impekoven, 1976). The courtship behavior of fish involves alternating behaviors by the partners, the female eliciting behavior in the male to which the female responds, the male then manifesting other behavior (Diakow, 1974;Hinde & Stevenson, 1969). An instance of research on person-object interaction has been given by Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi (1976) in their tracing of the steps by which an artist composes and sketches a still life.…”

Section: Two Sets Of Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Two worlds of psychological phenomena.

Fiske

1979

American Psychologist

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The discipline of psychology is composed of subfields studying different sets of phenomena. Characterizations of persons form one major world of psychological phenomena; behaviors make up another. These worlds are differentiated in many ways: according to whether meanings are assigned a priori or a posteriori, whether the unit of observation is extended in time or is brief and momentary, whether the individual observer contributes to the observation or observers are essentially interchangeable. The validity problems that plague research on characteristics of persons are minimized or avoided in studies of behaviors. Although psychologists have developed a technology that contributes to the quality of evaluative judgments made about persons in everyday living, a science for characterizations of persons seems improbable. Much more likely is the development of one or more sciences for the phenomena of behavior, especially of actions in the context of other actions.Is psychology a science? The answer obviously depends on one's definition of science. Most psychologists see themselves as following the scientific method or, more precisely, as using scientific methods. But it is clear that psychology is not yet a science by Kuhn's (1970) definition of a science. It does not have a single paradigm. It does not have a theory to which most psychologists subscribe. There are few beliefs or values accepted by most of the field.Is psychology a group of sciences? Not yet, but that is the direction in which the field appears to be moving. Perhaps there is a lesson for psychology in the distinction between two approaches in biology, the evolutionary and the molecular, or cellular. For psychology, Scriven (1969) has argued that its phenomena are too complex to be studied by a single paradigm. In some areas of psychological investigation, some consensus on the broad outlines of,one or more "mini-theories" for particular topics within each subarea may be starting to develop; there may also be considerable agreement on beliefs, values, and research methods, as well as some agreement on some concepts and their definitions. But in other areas, there is one camp looking for postulated internal processes Vol. 34, No. 9, 733-739 and another camp looking at person-environment interactions. Within one article, it is not possible to document these several bald assertions. Instead, let us consider two of the major approaches to psychological phenomena.

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Male-Female Interactions and the Organization of Mammalian Mating Patterns

Cited by 21 publications

References 144 publications

Motion picture analysis of rat mating behavior.

Motion picture analysis of rat mating behavior.

Energy Allocation in Mammalian Reproduction

Two worlds of psychological phenomena.

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