Male genitalia injuries: Unspoken collateral damage from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Spooner, Jesse; Lee, Linda; Kinahan, John; Metcalfe, Michael; Hoag, Nathan

doi:10.5489/cuaj.6750

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The international Lockdown response has been meticulously documented by the Oxford University Government Response tracker[7] which consists of individual lockdown and economic policies scored on an ordinal scale and a composite lockdown score which measures the overall lockdown strength, on a daily basis, for almost every country in the world, a sizeable undertaking which has improved our understanding of the effectiveness of Lockdown strategies. [8] While the lockdown has been widely effective, it has come with substantial financial, social and political costs and exerted a heavy toll on the mental [9], [10] and physical health [11]—[13]of the population. Perpetual lockdown is widely deemed to be politically untenable, though a lockdown of some degree may be the only way of holding the disease back and reducing mortality while vaccine development is in progress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the future SARS-COV-2 reproductive rate

Ellis

Papadopoulos

Donkov

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Aims To generate a predictive model for the SARS-COV-2 viral reproductive rate, based on government policy and weather parameters. Methods A multivariate model for the log10 of viral reproductive rate was constructed for each country using lockdown stringency (Oxford University tracker), temperature and humidity, for the 1st 110 days of 2020. This was validated by extrapolating to the following 51 days, and comparing the predicted viral rate and cumulative mortality with WHO data. The country models was extrapolated to July 2021 using projected weather forecast for four scenarios; continuing with the 11/6/2020 lockdown policy, 100% lockdown, 20% lockdown and no lockdown. Results From pooled data (40 countries), lockdown stringency had a strong negative correlation with log10viral reproductive rate (-0.648 at 21 days later). Maximum temperature correlated at -0.14, 14 days later and humidity correlated at +0.25, 22 days later. Predictive Models were generated for 11 countries using multivariate regression of these parameters. The R2 correlation for log10R0 ranged from 0.817 to 0.987 for the model generation period. For the validation period, the Pearson's coefficient of correlation for log10R0 ranged from 0.529 to 0.984 and for cumulative mortality from 0.980 to 1.000. Forward extrapolation of these models for 5 nations, demonstrate, that removing the lockdown will result in rapid spread of the disease ranging from as soon as July 2020 for Russia, UK, Italy and India to January 2021 for the USA. The current (11/6/20) lockdown in the USA, Spain, UK, France, Germany, Turkey can control the disease but other nations will need to intensify their lockdowns to prevent future resurgence. Most nations will require more stringent lockdowns in January than in July. Conclusion The viral reproductive rate is highly predicted by a combination of lockdown stringency, temperature and humidity. Country specific predictive models can provide useful forecast of policy requirements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the future SARS-COV-2 reproductive rate

Ellis

Papadopoulos

Donkov

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…2B). Table 2 [6,12,13,14,15,16,17,19,20,21,22,24,32,33,34,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48] lists cases that required surgical intervention outlining the details of mammalian bite and operative plans.…”

Section: Cohort Characteristics Of Genital Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of mammalian bites to the external genitalia: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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Objective To review existing publications to determine the approaches for the medical and operative management of mammalian bites to the external genitalia. Materials and Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis for Scoping Review guidelines were followed. Four databases were searched. Articles were independently screened and analysed by two reviewers. Publications were included if detailed summaries of genitalia bites and management were documented. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted from the final article cohort. Results A total of 42 articles were included in this scoping review with 67 cases of mammalian bites to the genitalia reported in the cohort. The most common injury site was the penis (44.9%). Dog and human bites were the most common type of mammalian bites (61.2% and 26.9%, respectively). In all, 13.4% of cases were managed with medical therapy while 86.6% of cases required surgical intervention. The most common intervention was wound irrigation, debridement, and primary closure (32.8%). Although uncommon, other operative approaches included skin flaps (7.5%) and grafts (4.5%), re‐implantation (4.5%), urethroplasty/repair (7.5%), penectomy (3.0%), scrotoplasty (3.0%), and perineal urethrostomy (1.5%). The reported complication rate was 19.4%. The mean follow‐up time was 39.9 months. Conclusion Trauma related to mammalian bites is associated with high utilisation of healthcare resources and cost. Although management of such bites to the genitalia is controversial, surgical intervention is often warranted ranging from simple debridement of devitalised tissue to complex reconstructive surgery. This review underscores the need for further investigation of mammalian bites to the genitalia to improve surgical options and monitor for long‐term complication rates.

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“…However, just as orchitis can be presented in SARS patients [ 43 ], testicular tissue damages and obvious clinical symptoms have been reported in male COVID-19 patients [ 47 ]. The men infected by SARS-CoV-2 exhibited male genitourinary (GU) trauma involving scrotal discomfort and orchitis, chemic priapism, testicular rupture, penile fracture, and penile pain [ 21 ], and Leydig cell reduction, inflammation, and edema in the interstitium [ 46 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection In Malesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, researchers hypothesized that COVID-19 may have a huge impact on reproductive health. While some obvious clinical symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 had been reported, such as scrotal discomfort and orchitis [ 20 ], penile pain [ 21 ], Leydig cell reduction, inflammation, and hormonal abnormalities [ 22 ], no abnormal semen parameters have been found and no SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the testes of male COVID-19 patients [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Review

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Med Sci Monit

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic that began at the end of 2019. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Reproductive health has always been one of the most important healthcare problems, and the impacts of COVID-19 on the reproductive systems have become an emerging topic. The effects of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on males are more harmful than on females. The outcomes of pregnancy also can show the condition of male and female reproductive system health. The vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 significantly affects pregnancy healthy. SARS-CoV-2, antibody, and other factors, such as the decline of lymphocyte counts, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels, are evidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is regarded as a virus receptor in the reproductive system. The expression and activity of ACE2 are influenced by sex hormones, especially the male sex hormones. The strength of immunity is crucial to fighting off viral infection. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 show different expression in male and female patients, and the antibodies have been regarded as having potential applications in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This review aims to present the current status of what is known about the involvement of the male and female reproductive systems, as well as the effects on pregnancy health, during infection with SARS-CoV-2, and discusses the implications for future fertility.

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Male genitalia injuries: Unspoken collateral damage from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Predicting the future SARS-COV-2 reproductive rate

Predicting the future SARS-COV-2 reproductive rate

Management of mammalian bites to the external genitalia: a scoping review

Effects of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Review

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