Male infertility as a window to health

Choy, Jeremy T.; Eisenberg, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.015

Cited by 215 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The Male factor is responsible for 40%‐50% of infertility cases . Nowadays, about 1% of men and 10%‐15% of the infertile male population may present azoospermia, as the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate after assessment of centrifuged semen on at least two semen analysis . Its etiology is unknown in at least 40% of cases, possibly because many of the genes that regulate spermatogenesis have not been yet identified…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Nowadays, about 1% of men and 10%-15% of the infertile male population may present azoospermia, as the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate 3 after assessment of centrifuged semen on at least two semen analysis. 4,5 Its etiology is unknown in at least 40% of cases, possibly because many of the genes that regulate spermatogenesis have not been yet identified. 6 In non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), sperm retrieval through testicular sperm extraction (TeSE) for in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) purpose represents for these men the main opportunity to father their biological child.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redox status assessment in infertile patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A prospective study

et al. 2019

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Background Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most prevalent causes of sperm damage, through the toxic effects of endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals. Peripheral leukocytes represent a feasible model for studying the pathophysiology of OS‐mediated homeostasis, which can be responsible for cell dysfunction and cell injury. Objective To evaluate the redox status in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), establishing the potential role exerted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the genesis of testicular secretory injury. Material and methods From May 2018 to March 2019, 39 patients were enrolled in this prospective single‐center cohort study and divided into two groups. Group 1 included 19 patients with NOA, and Group 2 included 20 normozoospermic men, partners of women with infertility tubal factor. All patients underwent serum blood tests. NOA underwent testicular sperm extraction (TeSE). ROS production (in lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes) was assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Plasma oxidative stress was evaluated by lipid peroxidation markers (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both assessed by fluorometric techniques. Results Mean lymphocyte ROS production resulted 967.0 ± 224.5 vs 728.0 ± 98.0 (NOA vs Controls, P < .001), monocyte ROS resulted 2102.5 ± 517.5 vs 1253 ± 171 (P < .001), and granulocyte ROS were 2366.5 ± 595.4 vs 1751.0 ± 213.0 (P < .001). Significant increases plasma lipid peroxidation markers were found in NOA patients compared with controls (2.7 ± 0.8 vs 0.37 ± 0.2 nmol/mL, P < .001). Significant decreased TAC was evident in NOA compared with controls (13.4 ± 3.9 vs 3.0 ± 0.2 µmol/mL Trolox equivalents, P < .001). No significant differences were found in blood leukocyte subpopulations ROS production, plasma lipid peroxidation, and TAC comparing groups (positive vs negative sperm retrieval, P > .05). Conclusion ROS production can be directly related to disorders of spermatogenesis, leading to severe conditions of male infertility, including azoospermia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox status assessment in infertile patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A prospective study

et al. 2019

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“…Reproductive decline in men may result from age‐related diseases or other adverse factors that can cause secondary testicular defects throughout life (Agarwal et al, ; Choy & Eisenberg, ). It is difficult to restore once testicular hypofunction or spermatogenic damage occurs, which ultimately results in male subfertility or infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein in human seminal plasma: A potential novel biomarker of spermatogenic function

Xie

Yao

et al. 2019

Andrologia

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Keeping the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) in balance is essential for maintaining spermatogenesis. However, whether the cell death of SSC also plays a vital role in the human being remains unknown. To explore the necroptosis of SSC, the activation marker of necroptosis, phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL) in testes was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Meanwhile, a total of 81 semen samples were divided based on the sperm concentration (>15, 10-15, 5-10 and 0-5 million/ml) to study the relationships between pMLKL levels and sperm counts. We found that the pMLKL was increased in the ageing human testes (p < 0.05). Moreover, the seminal pMLKL expression was decreased in groups with sperm concentration 0-5 and 5-10 million/ml when compared with normal sperm concentration in young men (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that pMLKL showed an age-related increased expression in men aged 22-60 years with normal sperm concentration. These data demonstrated that the necroptosis of SSC was important for the spermatogenic function and would raise in advance on the point of testicular hypofunction. In conclusion, the pMLKL may serve as a potential biologically seminal indicator for the spermatogenic function in men.

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“…In a subsequent analysis (Latif et al , ), they critically showed that this was largely independent of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. A related and pertinent conclusion made by Choy & Eisenberg () is “semen quality and male infertility may be fundamental biomarkers of overall health and could serve as harbingers for the development of comorbidity and mortality.” Convincingly, a recent systematic literature review (Capogrosso et al , ) demonstrated substantial evidence of an association between male infertility and overall health. Associated significant health conditions include testicular cancer, urogenital malignancies, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: The Present Global Crisis In Male Reproductive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present crisis in male reproductive health: an urgent need for a political, social, and research roadmap

2019

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Background: There is a global crisis in male reproductive health. Evidence comes from globally declining sperm counts and increasing male reproductive system abnormalities, such as cryptorchidism, germ cell tumors, and onset of puberty. Male factor infertility occurs in~40% of couples experiencing infertility. Data demonstrate an association between male infertility and overall health. Associated significant health conditions include diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Adding to the complexity is that men typically do not seek health care unless there is acute medical need or, as in the case of the infertile couple, the male goes for a reproductive examination and semen analysis. However, 25% of the time a reproductive health examination does not occur. Couples are increasingly utilizing IVF at more advanced ages, and advanced paternal age is associated with increased risk for (i) adverse perinatal outcomes for both offspring and mother; (ii) early child mortality, cancer, and mental health issues. In addition to age, paternal lifestyle factors, such as obesity and smoking, impact not only the male fertility but also the offspring wellness.Objectives: The purpose of this paper was (i) to spotlight emerging and concerning data on male reproductive health, the relationship(s) between male reproductive and somatic health, and the heritable conditions father can pass to offspring, and (ii) to present a strategic roadmap with the goals of increasing (a) the awareness of men and society on the aforementioned, (b) the participation of men in healthcare seeking, and (c) advocacy to invigorate policy and funding agencies to support increased research into male reproductive biology. Conclusions: The Male Reproductive Health Initiative (MRHI) is a newly established and rapidly growing global consortium of key opinion leaders in research, medicine, funding and policy agencies, and patient support groups that are moving forward the significant task of accomplishing the goals of the strategic roadmap.

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Male infertility as a window to health

Cited by 215 publications

References 57 publications

Redox status assessment in infertile patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A prospective study

Redox status assessment in infertile patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A prospective study

Phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein in human seminal plasma: A potential novel biomarker of spermatogenic function

The present crisis in male reproductive health: an urgent need for a political, social, and research roadmap

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