Male intolerance of depression: A review with implications for psychotherapy

Warren, Lynda W.

doi:10.1016/0272-7358(83)90009-0

Cited by 105 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results, which found that women were both more likely to be prompted to seek help and more likely to know someone who had sought help, are consistent with the idea that the public generally believes that mental health services should be used only after other sources of support have failed (Angermeyer et al, 1999). This is particularly true for men suffering from nonpsychotic or emotional problems such as depression (Hammen & Peters, 1977;Warren, 1983). This finding is also consistent with one study that showed that participants were more willing to refer a woman than a man to therapy (Raviv, Sills, Raviv, & Wilansky, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The decision to seek psychological help may be hindered or facilitated by many factors. Two potential factors that might facilitate help seeking are having a relationship with someone (a) who recommends seeking help or (b) who themselves have sought help. In two studies (N = 780, N = 746), we explored the relationship between these factors and intentions to seek mental health services. In Study 1, being prompted to seek help and knowing someone who had sought help were both related to positive expectations about mental health services. In Study 2, being prompted to seek help and knowing someone who had sought help were related to more positive attitudes toward help seeking. Also, knowing someone who had sought help was related to the intention to seek help. Of those who sought psychological help, approximately 75% had someone recommend that they seek help and about 94% knew someone who had sought help.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Especially depressive symptoms are inconsistent with the masculine stereotype; they are held to be typical female symptoms and men are not supposed to suffer from them. It is the linkage between depression and femininity that may provide masculine men with the strongest motivation to hide their depression from others (Warren 1983). To hide their depression men rely on norm-congruent behaviour like aggressiveness, anger attacks, acting out, low impulse control and alcohol abuse, a gender-related response pattern that has been hypothesised as the 'male depressive syndrome' by Rutz et al (1995).…”

Section: Defining Gendermentioning

confidence: 98%

The gender gap in suicide and premature death or: why are men so vulnerable?

Möller-Leimkühler

2003

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

415

306

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suicide and premature death due to coronary heart disease, violence, accidents, drug or alcohol abuse are strikingly male phenomena, particularly in the young and middle-aged groups. Rates of offending behaviour, conduct disorders, suicide and depression are even rising, and give evidence to a high gender-related vulnerability of young men. In explaining this vulnerability, the gender perspective offers an analytical tool to integrate structural and cultural factors. It is shown that traditional masculinity is a key risk factor for male vulnerability promoting maladaptive coping strategies such as emotional unexpressiveness, reluctance to seek help, or alcohol abuse. This basic male disposition is shown to increase psychosocial stress due to different societal conditions: to changes in male gender-role, to postmodern individualism and to rapid social change in Eastern Europe and Russia. Relying on empirical data and theoretical explanations, a gender model of male vulnerability is proposed. It is concluded that the gender gap in suicide and premature death can most likely be explained by perceived reduction in social role opportunities leading to social exclusion.

show abstract

“…This framework may account for differences among individual men's symptom presentation. For example, depressive affect and behaviors that accompany depression (e.g., crying) have been stereotyped as feminine (Warren, 1983) and may be particularly aversive to a man who adheres to the norms of stoicism and toughness. Such affect may not be aversive to another man who does not adhere to these particular norms.…”

Section: Gender Socialization and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Masculine Depression Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation.

Magovcevic

Addis

2008

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

147

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A preponderance of anecdotal evidence suggests that men manifest depression differently than women and that this atypical symptom presentation is even more evident in men who adhere to restrictive masculine norms (Cochran & Rabinowitz, 2000;Real, 1997). The aim of this study was to develop a self-report assessment instrument, the Masculine Depression Scale (MDS), which captures these atypical symptoms of depression. One hundred and two men who experienced a recent stressful life event were asked to complete measures of prototypic depression, masculine norm conformity, and our measure of masculine depression. Factor analyses yielded a two-factor solution: internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Externalizing symptoms were moderately correlated with measures of depression and masculine norm adherence, while internalizing symptoms were highly correlated with measures of depression but unrelated to masculine norm adherence. Men who adhered strongly to masculine norms were more likely to endorse externalizing symptoms on the MDS than prototypic symptoms of depression. The findings suggest that the MDS may be capturing aspects of depression associated with masculine gender socialization that are not captured by existing measures.

show abstract

Male intolerance of depression: A review with implications for psychotherapy

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network

Seeking help from a mental health professional: The influence of one's social network

The gender gap in suicide and premature death or: why are men so vulnerable?

The Masculine Depression Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About