Male patients with papillary thyroid cancer have a higher risk of extranodal extension

Abstract

Purpose: There is a sex disparity in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Male sex is associated with a higher likelihood of advanced stage disease. This study aimed to examine the signi cance of sex for extranodal extension (ENE) in PTC.Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of PTC patients who had undergone initial surgical resection from July 2012 to December 2014 (N = 1531). The effects of sex and other clinicopathological factors on ENE were investigated.Results: Of 1531 patients identi ed, 377 (24.6%) were male, 816 (53.3%) had positive nodes, and 256 (16.7%) had ENE. Compared with female patients, male patients had a higher risk of ENE (P < 0.001).Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.98; 95% con dence interval [CI], 1.37 -2.87; P < 0.001), age older than 60 years (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.08 -3.35; P = 0.023), extrathyroidal extension (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.42 -5.14; P < 0.001), bilateral multifocality (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.53 -3.13; P < 0.001), and more positive nodes were signi cantly associated with increased risk of ENE. Patients with 6-10 positive nodes were 16.45-fold higher to have ENE than patients with 5 positive nodes or less (95% CI, 11.07 -24.68; P < 0.001).Conclusion: Male PTC patients had a higher risk of ENE than female. Sex was an independent predictor of ENE. The underlying mechanism needs to be investigated further.

Unexpected 99mTc-pertechnetate avidity of lymph node metastases redicts better response to radioiodine therapy in differentiated hyroid cancer patients with lymph node metastases

“…Hei et al [30] reported that male patients with 99m Tcpertechnetate-avid have a higher risk of extra-glandular invasion compared to their female counterparts. Park et al [25] presented findings indicating a higher incidence and number of LNMs and an increased occurrence of vascular invasion in men compared to women.…”

2-[18F]FDG PET in the Management of Radioiodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the Era of Thyrosin-Kinases Inhibitors: A Real-Life Retrospective Study

“…Interestingly, most male patients were included in the present study. In this framework, it should be noted that the female prevalence characterizing the well differentiated disease is not always maintained in the poor differentiated and/or more aggressive disease [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Predictors of Recurrence in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Does Male Sex Matter?

“…The present study demonstrated that male sex was not associated with the risk of recurrence, although male patients with PTC tended to have aggressive clinicopathological features, including larger tumor size, ETE, and LN metastasis. As male sex is associated with risk factors for recurrence, such as tumor size, ETE, lymphovascular invasion, LN metastasis, and extranodal extension, some researchers have wondered whether male sex itself increases the risk of recurrence [10,16,18]. In the present study, therefore, we performed propensity score matching to minimize the effects of confounding factors.…”