“…There has been a spate of research on masturbation (Baker & Bellis, 1993;Bancroft, Herbenick, & Reynolds, 2003;Choi et al, 2000;Lipsith, McCann, & Goldmeier, 2003;Liu, 1997;LoPresto, Sherman, & Sherman, 1985;Oliver & Hyde, 1993;Renaud, Byers, & Pan, 1997;Shulman & Horne, 2003). With the exception of a small group of studies of Western societies (Haavio-Mannila, Kontula, & Rotkirch, 2002;Laumann, Gagnon, Michael, & Michaels, 1994), however, there have been few large-scale or nationally representative studies on masturbation, especially in developing countries.…”