Male-Restricted Expression of H-Y Antigen on Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

Sexual orientation, handedness, sex ratio and fetomaternal tolerance-rejection

“…Even the milder ABO incompatibility sometimes leads to neurological impairment (hemolysis and jaundice). The proposed anti-H-Y antigen should act in the same way, and in fact, it is used to sex, arrest development and kill male embryos (Shelton and Goldberg, 1984;White et al, 1987;Ramalho et al, 2004). In our hypothesis, H-Y, which is present from the eight-cell embryo (Blanchard, 2004;Blanchard and Klassen, 1997), and SRY (the main gene for gonad differentiation into testis), present twelve hours after fertilization (Ao, Erickson, Winston and Handyside, 1994) are good candidates to induce maternal tolerance rather than rejection.…”

Role of the Newborn’s Sex in Mixed Maternal-Newborn Lymphocyte Culture Reactivity

“…Evidence for the presence and immunological involvement of H-Y minor transplantation antigens were obtained by sero logical and cell-mediated reactions in experiments on animal and human cells [18][19][20][21][22], In histocompatibility reactions the immunological nature of H-Y incompatible skin graft rejection was observed from the accelerated retrogression of second set male skin grafts in male sen sitized adult female mice [23], The immunological in volvement of the weak H-Y histocompatibility antigens in the fetomaternal relationship based on the mothers' ability to recognize male specific fetal antigens is indi cated by the following: (a) the ratio of male to female live births decreased with the increasing parity, whereas this ratio increased in stillbirths; (b) the number of preceding boys can influence the sex ratio of subsequent children and the intervals between births, and (c) fetal sex can influence maternal HLA antibody formation [9,20]. Recently a significantly increased male to female sex ratio was found in HLA-DR identical parents and the authors suggest that H-Y male minor histocompatibility antigens may provide themselves with the antigenic stimulus capable of eliciting the maternal immunological response [21,22], Although MLC reactivity usually measures cellular responses to class II antigens, in an investigation now in progress in our laboratory a significantly increased reactivity in MLC could be observed with maternal cells and male as compared to female offspring cells in families where male and female siblings were sharing DR identical antigens as well as in families where male and female siblings were not sharing these antigens.…”

Efectos mnemónicos maternos prenatales sobre el sexo psíquico humano. Insuficiencia del mecanismo inmunitario: Nueva propuesta desde la tolerancia-rechazo materno-fetal

“…Las madres que han tenido un embarazo con embrión masculino forman factores inmunitarios antimasculinos que en embarazos posteriores actúan sobre el cerebro embrionario o fetal masculino produciendo homosexualidad 8,33 . El antígeno masculino candidato es el HY que se desarrolla desde el estado de 8 células [33][34][35] . Mientras más hermanos varones anteriores tienen, más alta es la probabilidad de homosexualidad.…”