Male sterility in alloplasmic Brassica rapa L. carrying Eruca sativa cytoplasm

Abstract

For the development of a new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in Brassica rapa (2n= 20, AA), intergeneric hybridization was performed in Eruca sativa (2n= 22, EE)×B. rapa. The original amphihaploid F1 plant (2n= 21, EA) generated via embryo rescue produced a sesquidiploid F1 plant (2n= 31, EAA), from which the alloplasmic F3 plants were generated. In F3, some progenies with malformed anthers were maintained as male‐sterile lines up to the F5 generation. In the F6 and F7 generations, the alloplasmic male‐sterile plants were bred by backcrossing to several B. rapa genotypes and were then classified into the three distinctive types: petaloid, antherless and brown anther, in addition to three intermediate types between them. By southern blot analysis, each plant of the petaloid and antherless types was shown to carry the cytoplasm genome of E. sativa. These male‐sterile plants produced as many viable seeds as the corresponding male‐fertile plants, although their nectary gland development was minimal. Consequently, CMS lines of the petaloid and antherless types with enhanced seed fertility and nectary gland development could provide promising plant materials for F1 seed production in B. rapa.

The effect of the cytoplasms of Brassica napus and B. juncea on some characteristics of B. carinata, including flower morphology

“…The second part was done to verify the result of the first part, resulting in similar observations. Many alloplasmic lines with cytoplasmic male sterility have been developed by substitution backcrosses in interspecific or intergeneric hybrids (Pearson 1972;Bannerot et al 1977;Hinata and Konno 1979;Prakash and Chopra 1990;Sigareva and Earle 1997;Matsuzawa et al 1999). In this experiment, male sterility was observed only in the interspecific F 1 , BC 1 and BC 2 generations of plants with the N-cytoplasm (Fig.…”

“…The effect of cytoplasm-nucleus substitution in different species of Brassica was first reported by Mizushima and Katsuo (1958), while the use of alloplasmic individuals in plant breeding was proposed by Mizushima (1961). The alloplasmic effects may have practical advantages, such as the cytoplasmic male sterility (Pearson 1972;Hinata and Konno 1979;Matsuzawa et al 1999;Prakash et al 2001), elimination of self-incompatibility (Mizushima and Katsuo 1958), enhancement of herbicide resistance (Beversdorf et al 1980), improved disease resistance (Banga et al 1984) and the introgression of fertility restorer gene(s) ).…”

“…Numerous studies on alloplasmic effects in Brassica were conducted among the three diploid species or between the diploid species and their amphidiploids (Mizushima and Katsuo 1953;Iwasa 1963a, b;Kato et al 1990;Matsuzawa et al 1999;Starzycki et al 1999). However, thus far there are no reports on alloplasmic effects of B. napus and B. juncea on B. carinata.…”

Arabidopsis Species Hybrids in the Study of Species Differences and Evolution of Amphiploidy in Plants

“…6C). These structures resemble the thirdwhorl filamentous organs observed in several Arabidopsis mutants including ufo (Wilkinson and Haughn, 1995), afo (Kumaran et al, 1999), and fil (Sawa et al, 1999), and have also been observed in species hybrids (Michaelis, 1954;Malik et al, 1999;Matsuzuwa et al, 1999).…”

Swedes and Turnips

“…For example, the whole range of nine turnips marketed by the Musashino Seed Co. Ltd. are F 1 hybrids. Cytoplasmic male sterility is also available in B. rapa, either derived from cytoplasms used in oil seed rape (Hu et al, 1997;Sovero, 1988;Verma et al, 2000) or from new cytoplasms (Okawa, 1985;Matsuzawa et al, 1999;Deol et al, 2003).…”