Male-to-Female Transgender Veterans and VA Health Care Utilization

Shipherd, Jillian C.; Mizock, Lauren; Maguen, Shira; Green, Kelly E.

doi:10.1080/19317611.2011.639440

Cited by 69 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is especially relevant for those under the age of 65, with a majority of those in this age category reporting these chronic conditions, even though they are typically associated with advancing age. 26,27 This is consistent with previous studies on the transgender population 28 and suggests a need for additional research that analyzes the association between medical transitions and hyperlipidemia/hypertension, which appear to affect a statistically high proportion of the transgender population, relative to their age. Other conditions, such as tobacco and drug use disorders, fibromyalgia, and other forms of chronic pain or fatigue, obesity, anemia, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, asthma, diabetes, and heart disease, affect more than one-quarter of the population and reflect the broader trend of the transgender community reporting a disproportionately high disease burden.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Identifying the Transgender Population in the Medicare Program

et al. 2016

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Purpose: To identify and describe the transgender population in the Medicare program using administrative data. Methods: Using a combination of International Classification of Diseases ninth edition (ICD-9) codes relating to transsexualism and gender identity disorder, we analyzed 100% of the 2013 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) ''final action'' claims from both institutional and noninstitutional providers (*1 billion claims) to identify individuals who may be transgender Medicare beneficiaries. To confirm, we developed and applied a multistage validation process. Results: Four thousand ninety-eight transgender beneficiaries were identified, of which *90% had confirmatory diagnoses, billing codes, or evidence of a hormone prescription. In general, the racial, ethnic, and geographic distribution of the Medicare transgender population tends to reflect the broader Medicare population. However, age, original entitlement status, and disease burden of the transgender population appear substantially different. Conclusions: Using a variety of claims information, ranging from claims history to additional diagnoses, billing modifiers, and hormone prescriptions, we demonstrate that administrative data provide a valuable resource for identifying a lower bound of the Medicare transgender population. In addition, we provide a baseline description of the diversity and disease burden of the population and a framework for future research.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Identifying the Transgender Population in the Medicare Program

et al. 2016

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“…17 A recent analysis of VHA administrative data showed that the fiscal year (FY) 2010 prevalence of GID among VHA Veterans was approximately 22.9/100,000 individuals compared to the estimated annual prevalence of GID in the general Western population at approximately 4.3/ 100,000 individuals. 18 Furthermore, a study by Shipherd and colleagues noted that the prevalence of veteran status in a community-based sample of transgender individuals was three times higher than the general U.S. 19 …”

Section: Veterans With Transgender-related Icd-9-cm Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…28 Second, as noted above, VHA contains a higher rate of individuals (at least among natal males) with transgender-related ICD-9-CM diagnoses than the general U.S. population. [17][18][19] In 2011, VHA issued its first national directive regarding healthcare provision for transgender and intersex veterans. 29 Since then, there have been several VHA national committees charged with developing clinical and staff education and training around transgender health issues, including national online Live Meetings for VHA staff, development of an internal VHA intranet site for relevant information about transgender health, and a three-site clinical consultation network to serve as sources for expert advice to clinicians throughout VHA.…”

Section: Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Among Veterans with Transgender-Related Diagnoses in the Veterans Health Administration, FY2000–2009

et al. 2014

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The crude suicide rate among veterans with transgender-related ICD-9-CM diagnoses is higher than in the general population, and they may be dying by suicide at younger ages than their veteran peers without transgender-related ICD-9-CM diagnoses. Future research, such as age-adjusted rates or accounting for psychiatric co-morbidities, will help to better clarify if the all-cause and suicide mortality rates are elevated for veterans with transgender-related ICD-9-CM diagnoses.

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“…23 This finding supports the theory which posits that higher transgender prevalence in the military involves a ''flight into hypermasculinity'' where male-to-female transgender individuals in particular join the military to immerse themselves in the quintessential male environment in an attempt to rid themselves of gender dysphoria. 24,25,26 …”

Section: Publication Of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender Military Personnel in the Post-DADT Repeal Era

Parco

Levy

Spears

2014

Armed Forces & Society

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Editor's note: This is the second of three articles in this issue on transgender issues in the military. AbstractThis study is the first to systematically inquire into the lives of transgender men and women currently serving across the branches of the US military in the post-''Don't Ask, Don't Tell'' (DADT) repeal era. We employed an interview protocol from a stratified convenience sample (n ¼ 14) of clandestinely serving active duty, guard and reserve military members from the US Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps who self-identified as transgender or transsexual. Using phenomenology as a methodological foundation, we present a revelatory case study based on lived experiences from firsthand accounts furthering the collective understanding of gender dysphoria in a contemporary military context.

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Male-to-Female Transgender Veterans and VA Health Care Utilization

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

Identifying the Transgender Population in the Medicare Program

Identifying the Transgender Population in the Medicare Program

Mortality Among Veterans with Transgender-Related Diagnoses in the Veterans Health Administration, FY2000–2009

Transgender Military Personnel in the Post-DADT Repeal Era

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