Maleated natural rubber as a coupling agent for paper sludge filled natural rubber composites

Ismail, Hanafi; Rusli, Arjulizan; Azura, A. R.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2005.06.011

Cited by 93 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…ese chemical bonds between W-ST and NR improved filler-rubber interaction of NR composites. Similar results were found by Jacob et al [1], Ismail et al [26], and Sahakaro and Beraheng [27]. ey suggested that the prolonged scorch time and cure time of NR composites resulted from the better interaction between the filler and rubber matrix.…”

Section: Characterization Of Rhf/nrsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of Silane Treatment Methods on Physical Properties of Rice Husk Flour/Natural Rubber Composites

Srisuwan

Jarukumjorn

Suppakarn

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this study, the effect of silane treatment methods on cure characteristics and mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties of rice husk flour (RHF)/natural rubber (NR) composites was investigated. e RHF surface was pretreated with alkali solution and then treated with bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) solution using the unwashing silane treatment method and washing silane treatment method. e expected difference between these two methods was the silane layers presented on the RHF surface. Unwashed TESPT-treated RHF (UW-ST) and washed TESPT-treated RHF (W-ST) were incorporated into NR to prepare RHF/NR composites. e TESPT molecules deposited on UW-ST and W-ST surfaces were confirmed by the additional peaks appeared in the FTIR spectra of UW-ST and W-ST. In addition, the decrement of decomposition temperatures and the changes in the residue amounts of UW-ST and W-ST proved the removal of the physisorbed silane layers after washing. e presence of TESPT molecules on the RHF surface enhanced compatibility and adhesion between RHF and NR matrix. is was confirmed by SEM micrographs of both UW-ST/NR and W-ST/NR composites. is result was also supported by the improvement of the mechanical and the dynamic mechanical properties of these two composites. According to mechanical properties of the NR composites, the washing silane treatment method was more effective than the unwashing silane treatment method for compatibility improvement between RHF and NR. e modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength of W-ST/NR composites can be enhanced without deterioration of their elongation at break.

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Section: Characterization Of Rhf/nrsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of Silane Treatment Methods on Physical Properties of Rice Husk Flour/Natural Rubber Composites

Srisuwan

Jarukumjorn

Suppakarn

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…The succinic anhydride groups grafted onto NR and EPS molecules enhance the polarity of the blend and an interaction between the succinic anhydride groups and the hydroxyl groups on silica surface is quite likely [36]. Similar interactions between the hydroxyl and maleic anhydride groups have previously been proposed such as in the cases of PP-g-MA versus nano-silica [38] and maleated NR versus paper sludge filler [39]. The polar interactions due to hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups on the silica surface and the carboxyl groups of the grafted molecules or the hydroxyl group of the succinic acid improve the compatibility between rubber and silica and reduce filler aggregation.…”

Section: Cure Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 54%

Utilization of waste expanded polystyrene: Blends with silica-filled natural rubber

Sekharan¹,

Abraham²,

Thachil³

2012

Materials & Design

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a b s t r a c tExpanded polystyrene (EPS) constitutes a considerable part of thermoplastic waste in the environment in terms of volume. In this study, this waste material has been utilized for blending with silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR). The NR/EPS (35/5) blends were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender Plasticorder. Since NR and EPS are incompatible and immiscible a method has been devised to improve compatibility. For this, EPS and NR were initially grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to give a graft copolymer. Grafting was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. This grafted blend was subsequently blended with more of NR during mill compounding. Morphological studies using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed better dispersion of EPS in the compatibilized blend compared to the noncompatibilized blend. By this technique, the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tear strength, compression set and hardness of the blend were found to be either at par with or better than that of virgin silica filled NR compound. It is also noted that the thermal properties of the blends are equivalent with that of virgin NR. The study establishes the potential of this method for utilising waste EPS.

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“…Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari karet alam (SIR 20) (Ismail et al, 2005 Seperti hasil penelitian lainnya dengan menurunnya jumlah carbon black mengakibatkan menurunnya ikatan sambung silang yang gaya dan daya ikatan antar matrik pengisi dan polimer (Kanking et al, 2012). Oleh karena itu, arang tempurung kelapa sebagai non petroleum filler mempunyai nilai tegangan putus jauh lebih rendah walaupun pada phr yang tinggi (50 phr) dibanding dengan carbon black.…”

Section: Bahan Dan Metode Bahanunclassified

The Characteristics of Conveyor Belt of Rubber Compound by Using Coconut Shell Charcoal as the Filler

Daud¹,

Rahmaniar²

2017

JDPI

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AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian karakteristik belt conveyor menggunakan bahan pengisi arang tempurung kelapa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan sifat fisika kompon karet untuk belt conveyor menggunakan bahan pengisi arang tempurung kelapa dengan bahan pengisi karbon hitam (carbon black). Komposisi kompon karet terdiri dari natural rubber, polymer, mineral oils, TBBS, arang tempurung kelapa dan karbon hitam. Substitusi arang tempurung kelapa terhadap karbon hitam dilakukan dengan variasi berat arang tempurung kelapa sebesar 25 phr, 35 phr dan 50 phr. Sebagai pembanding digunakan data karakteristik kompon karet belt conveyor menggunakan karbon hitam jenis ISAF, HAF, dan FEF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan pengisi untuk kompon belt conveyor belum mampu memberikan sifat fisika yang baik seperti karbon hitam. Sifat fisika kompon tertinggi diperoleh pada berat arang tempurung kelapa sebesar 50 phr dengan nilai masing-masing Tegangan putus (70 kg/cm 2 ), Perpanjangan putus (320%) dan Ketahanan sobek (36 kg/cm 2 ) , kekerasan (62 Shore A) dan Ketahanan kikis (1,1 mm/kgm).

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Maleated natural rubber as a coupling agent for paper sludge filled natural rubber composites

Cited by 93 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Silane Treatment Methods on Physical Properties of Rice Husk Flour/Natural Rubber Composites

Effect of Silane Treatment Methods on Physical Properties of Rice Husk Flour/Natural Rubber Composites

Utilization of waste expanded polystyrene: Blends with silica-filled natural rubber

The Characteristics of Conveyor Belt of Rubber Compound by Using Coconut Shell Charcoal as the Filler

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