Maleated thermoplastic starch by reactive extrusion

Raquez, Jean-Marie; Nabar, Yogaraj; Srinivasan, Manoj; Shin, Boo Young; Narayan, Ramáni; Dubois, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.027

Cited by 144 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thermoplastic starch (TPS) alone is not adequate for use in packaging because is fragile and sensitive to environmental conditions [7] . To overcome this difficulty, several researchers have focused on the development of blends that contain TPS added to biodegradable polyesters, such as PBAT (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) and PLA (polylactic acid) [8][9][10] . In these cases, the use of additives (compatibilisers) capable of acting at the interface and improving the adhesion between the polymeric chains is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch/polyester films: simultaneous optimisation of the properties for the production of biodegradable plastic bags

Olivato¹,

Grossmann²,

Bilck³

et al. 2013

Polímeros

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Blends of starch/polyester have been of great interest in the development of biodegradable packaging. A method based on multiple responses optimisation (Desirability) was used to evaluate the properties of tensile strength, perforation force, elongation and seal strength of cassava starch/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blown films produced via a one-step reactive extrusion using tartaric acid (TA) as a compatibiliser. Maximum results for all the properties were set as more desirable, with an optimal formulation being obtained which contained (55:45) starch/PBAT (88.2 wt. (%)), glycerol (11.0 wt. (%)) and TA (0.8 wt. (%)). Biodegradable plastic bags were produced using the film with this formulation, and analysed according to the standard method of the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). The bags exhibited a 45% failure rate in free-falling dart impact tests, a 10% of failure rate in dynamic load tests and no failure in static load tests. These results meet the specifications set by the standard. Thus, the biodegradable plastic bags fabricated with an optimised formulation could be useful as an alternative to those made from non-biodegradable materials if the nominal capacity declared for this material is considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch/polyester films: simultaneous optimisation of the properties for the production of biodegradable plastic bags

Olivato¹,

Grossmann²,

Bilck³

et al. 2013

Polímeros

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“…4,7 The most commonly used compatibilizers are maleic anhydride and citric acid. 3,4,[8][9][10] Compatibilizers often have two or more reactive groups in their structure that can interact with other functional groups present in the polymer chains. Citric acid has a multicarboxilic structure, which justifies its use as a compatibilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citric acid as multifunctional agent in blowing films of starch/PBAT

Garcia¹,

Grossmann²,

Yamashita³

et al. 2011

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 20/10/10; aceito em 14/4/11; publicado na web em 10/6/11Citric acid was used as a compatibilizer in the production of starch and PBAT films plasticized with glycerol and processed by blow extrusion. Films produced were characterized by WVP, mechanical properties, FT-IR-ATR and SEM. WPV ranged from 3.71 to 12.73×10 -11 g m -1 s -1 Pa -1, while tensile strength and elongation at break ranged from 1.81 to 7.15 MPa and from 8.61 to 23.63%, respectively. Increasing the citric acid concentration improved WVP and slightly decreased film resistance and elongation. The films micrographs revealed a more homogeneous material with the addition of citric acid. However, the infrared spectra revealed little about cross-linking esterification reaction.

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“…Reactive extrusion has been successfully applied to TPS polymers 1 and has resulted in more flexible and less brittle TPS materials 5,[26][27][28][29] when compared to similar TPS materials obtained by conventional extrusion. However, few studies have investigated reative extrusion under edible acids and fewer have examined the use of reactive extrusion on cationic starch bio-based polymers 15 and even less have studied high methoxyl pectin polymers or pectin-starch composites and neither are information about such polymers mechanical or barrier performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cationic and in natura starches were added to pectin in order to evaluate both starches polymers water susceptibility and mechanical properties, when blended by reactive extrusion with pectin in presence of citric acid. Besides of the edible and nontoxic characteristics of citric acid, its utilization is justified also due to pectin ability in forming gel at low pH (normally using citric acid), in presence of high temperature [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Susceptibility and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch–Pectin Blends Reactively Extruded with Edible Citric Acid

et al. 2016

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IntroductionEco-friendly materials has emerged as one of the most reliable and promising solutions for the food and drug packaging next generation [1][2][3] . In this context, thermoplastic starch (TPS) 4-11 and pectin [12][13][14][15] are promising bases for polymers manufacture due to their wide availability, low cost, renewable character and ability of being produced using traditional processing techniques used in the plastics industry, such as extrusion.TPS and pectin polymer blends have been successfully developed resulting in good mechanical properties and oxygen barrier properties polymers [16][17][18][19][20][21] , especially regarding high methoxyl pectin. Furthermore, the association between cationic TPS and pectin has also been examined in various studies 22,23 . Cationic starch and high methoxyl pectin may interact favourably with one another due to the cationic nature of TPS and the anionic nature of the high methoxyl pectin. According to Prado and Matulewicks 24 , the combination of cationic polysaccharides with anionic polymers can lead to interpolyeletrolyte complexes (IPECs) with hydrogel like structures, with the possibility of producing a hydrogel physically cross-linked with in natura sources molecules. Such possibility has a great impact in developing food contact polymers, once conventional crosslinking processes usually uses toxic compounds, such as epichlorohydrin [24][25] .Reactive extrusion has been successfully applied to TPS polymers 1 and has resulted in more flexible and less brittle TPS materials 5,26-29 when compared to similar TPS materials obtained by conventional extrusion. However, few studies have investigated reative extrusion under edible acids and fewer have examined the use of reactive extrusion on cationic starch bio-based polymers 15 and even less have studied high methoxyl pectin polymers or pectin-starch composites and neither are information about such polymers mechanical or barrier performance. Cationic and in natura starches were added to pectin in order to evaluate both starches polymers water susceptibility and mechanical properties, when blended by reactive extrusion with pectin in presence of citric acid. Besides of the edible and nontoxic characteristics of citric acid, its utilization is justified also due to pectin ability in forming gel at low pH (normally using citric acid), in presence of high temperature [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . Materials and Methods MaterialsIn natura (not modified) (NM) and cationic (C) corn starch materials were obtained from Unilever Brasil Alimentos Ltda and Corn Products Brazil, respectively. The cationic starch (FH5804) was substitution degree of 0,036% and an Pectin and starch are edible, non-toxic, biodegradable and obtained from renewable sources. Also have the benefit to be easily cross-linked producing hydrogels. Reactive extrusion with edible citric acid and cross linking interactions was evaluated on extruded thermoplastic in natura and cationic starch-pectin blends. Materials w...

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Maleated thermoplastic starch by reactive extrusion

Cited by 144 publications

References 48 publications

Starch/polyester films: simultaneous optimisation of the properties for the production of biodegradable plastic bags

Starch/polyester films: simultaneous optimisation of the properties for the production of biodegradable plastic bags

Citric acid as multifunctional agent in blowing films of starch/PBAT

Water Susceptibility and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch–Pectin Blends Reactively Extruded with Edible Citric Acid

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