Maleic Anhydride Treated Wood: Effects of Drying Time and Esterification Temperature on Properties

Abstract

To improve technical performance of wood siding, treatment with maleic anhydride was applied. The effects on technical performance of drying time and esterification temperature parameters were analyzed. Wood samples of lodgepole pine and white pine were treated and tested. Results indicated that treatment improves technical performance of wood (dimensional stability, fungal degradation resistance, and accelerated aging). FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed spectra with peaks at 1750 to 1730 cm -1 . These correspond to ester bonds formed between wood hydroxyl groups and MA carboxylic acid groups. SEM images indicate that the MA quantity in wood cavities was increased with decreasing esterification temperature. Weight percent gain (WPG) increased with decreasing time and temperature of esterification. Artificial aging and fungal degradation performances were monitored using FTIR analysis. Esterification temperature had no important effect on fungal degradation. Weight loss after fungal exposure of treated samples was not only due to fungal action but also due to evaporation of MA during the drying step. Regarding artificial aging, degradation of wood components and ester bonds were less for samples esterified at 180 °C than those esterified at 160 °C or 140 °C.

Pine Wood Treated with a Citric Acid and Glycerol Mixture: Biomaterial Performance Improved by a Bio-byproduct

“…The anti-swelling efficiency (ASE-a) of this treatment was around 35% to 45%. ASE-a results obtained after wood treatment with maleic anhydride and glycerol or maleic anhydride only were also less than those obtained in this section, at approximately 48% (Roussel et al 2001;Essoua Essoua et al 2015).…”

“…For each wood species, five treated and five untreated specimens were taken randomly as controls. (1) indicates first step followed by (2) second step (Essoua Essoua et al 2015) Swelling, shrinkage, anti-swelling, and anti-shrinkage efficiency measurements…”

Preparation of Functionalized Ayous Sawdust‐carbon Nanotubes Composite for the Electrochemical Determination of Carbendazim Pesticide

“…The overlapped bands centred at 2943 cm À 1 were assigned to the aliphatic CÀ H bonds. The reaction between anhydride molecules and the terminal OH groups of the wood was confirmed by the substantial growth of the C=O band at 1734 cm À 1 that is consistent with the formation of ester bonds [69][70][71][72]. The very intense band at 1030 cm À 1 was due to the CÀ O bonds [70].…”

“…Both spectra showed the typical bands of lignocellulosic material [69][70][71][72][73]. The wide band centred at 3340 cm À 1 was characteristic of the stretching vibrations of the OÀ H bonds of alcohols and hydrogen-bonded water molecules.…”

Characterization of the diffusion of organic fungicides with amine oxides in white pine and white spruce

“…For each treatment and wood species, 12 samples were treated and separated into four sets of three samples. Essoua et al (2015) suggested a water/wood volume ratio of 5, so these sets were placed in 150-mL beakers with 60 mL of deionized water (20 °C ± 2 °C). The beakers were installed onto an orbital agitator (Lab-Line, VWR, Mississauga, Canada) spinning at 100 rpm for 14 d. To avoid saturation of the water and to monitor the rate of leaching, within a reasonable number of analyses, the water was replaced after 6 h, 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d. Each time, the beaker was rinsed twice with a wash bottle of deionized water, which was added to the leachate.…”