Maleinized Linseed Oil as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Composites with High Bio Content Obtained from Linen Byproducts

Abstract

Green composites, with more than 78 wt.% of products obtained from linen linum usitatissimum, were developed in this research work. Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) was used as bio-based resin, a mix of nadic methyl anhydride (MNA) and maleinized linseed oil (MLO) were used as cross-linkers and finally, flax fabrics were used to obtain composite laminates by resin transfer molding (RTM). The flax fibers were modified using amino-silane, glycidyl-silane and maleic anhydride treatment in order to increase the compatibility between lignocellulosic fibers and the polymeric matrix. Mechanical and thermal properties were studied by flexural, tensile and impact test, as well as dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) to study the viscoelastic behavior. Contrary to what could be expected, when fibers are previously treated in presence of MLO, a reduction of anchorage points is obtained causing a substantial increase in the ductile properties compared with composites without previous fiber treatment or without MLO.

Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties of Nanocomposite Based on Epoxy Resin Combined with Epoxidized Linseed Oil, Which Has the Presence of Nanoclay and MWCNTs

“…When replacing partial synthetic polymers with different weights, the mechanical properties not only remain high compared with the synthetic polymers without mixing but also improve in some durability; in this case, the flexural strength increases, especially the Izod impact strength increases by 21.65%; this is a good result compared with the works being studied by Samper et al [16,17]. us, when replacing a part of fossil-derived substances with substances of biological origin (ELO), gel time and mechanical strength are maintained at a good level [18] e impact of ELO content on the fire retardant property of EP/ELO materials is presented in Table 3.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of a Polyurethane Phase Separated to Nano Size in an Epoxy Polymer

“…However, when the PU phase-separated, it lowered the cross-linking density of the polymer and reduced the mechanical properties. The cross-linking density of the compositions was calculated using data obtained from the DMA experiments in Table 2 by Equation (2). The data shows that the cross-linking density decreased upon addition of PU to the epoxy compositions.…”

“…( 2) where υ e is the cross-link density, E' is the tensile storage modulus (MPa), R is the gas constant (8.314 m 3 •Pa•K −1 •mol −1 ), T is temperature in K corresponding to the storage modulus value [20]. Typically, decreases in tensile or flexural strength are proportional to the amount of PU added to the epoxy.…”

“…Epoxy resins are thermosetting polymers that form 3D network structures after exothermic reactions with amine or acidic anhydride hardeners [1,2]. Epoxy resins are interesting materials due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties as well as chemical resistance [3][4][5][6].…”

High-Quality Genome Assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini

“…They are of great medicinal and nutraceutical value ( Goyal et al, 2014 ; Kezimana et al, 2018 ; Cullis, 2019 ) and are potential functional animal feed for improving reproductive capacity and quality of meat, eggs, and milk ( Yi et al, 2014 ; Dutra et al, 2019 ; Head et al, 2019 ; Isenberg et al, 2019 ; Marino et al, 2019 ; Mattioli et al, 2019 ). Linseed oil is used in the production of paints, enamels, and resins ( Baroncini et al, 2016 ; Fombuena et al, 2019 ), while flax fiber is used in textile and composite industries ( Muir and Westcott, 2003 ; Costa et al, 2018 ; Fombuena et al, 2019 ; Hu et al, 2019 ). Fungal pathogens cause diseases in flax that have the greatest negative impact on yield and quality of products worldwide.…”