Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in the UK

Holliman, Andrew; Daniel, Roger; Twomey, D. F.; Barnett, James C.; Scholes, S. F. E.; Willoughby, Kim; Russell, George C.

doi:10.1136/vr.161.14.494-e

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Several publications have described a range of presentations of sheep-associated MCF, including cases with alimentary or neurological signs in addition to the more common head and eye form (Holliman et al , 2007; Mitchell & Scholes, 2009; Twomey et al , 2002). It will therefore be of interest to compare Ov9.5 sequences from a range of MCF cases to determine whether distinct strains of OvHV-2 are associated with different clinical presentations of this complex disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel spliced gene in alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 encodes a glycoprotein which is secreted in vitro

Russell

Todd

Deane

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Herpesviruses often contain cryptic, spliced genes that are not obvious from the initial in silico annotation. Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) contains 72 annotated ORFs but there are also a number of gaps between these that may have protein-coding potential. Comparative analysis of coding potential between AlHV-1 and the related ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) revealed a putative novel spliced gene that we have termed A9.5. Analysis of cDNA clones from AlHV-1-infected cells revealed three overlapping clones corresponding to A9.5 and the coding sequence was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR of RNA from AlHV-1-infected cattle tissues. The A9.5 gene was predicted to encode a secreted glycoprotein with molecular mass 19 kDa. Empirical analysis showed that a recombinant haemagglutinin-tagged A9.5 fusion protein was secreted from transfected cells and had a molecular mass of 45 kDa, which was reduced to 20 kDa by endoglycosidase F treatment, confirming that A9.5 was a secreted glycoprotein. In situ RNA hybridization showed that A9.5 was expressed in cells associated with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) lesions in infected cattle. Detailed analysis of the available OvHV-2 sequences revealed an homologous gene (Ov9.5) with conserved splicing signals and predicted amino acid sequence features in both sequenced isolates of this related virus. We have therefore identified a novel spliced gene in two related macaviruses that is expressed in MCF lesions. Future work will determine its importance for the pathogenesis of disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel spliced gene in alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 encodes a glycoprotein which is secreted in vitro

Russell

Todd

Deane

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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“…In recent decades, increased risks and incidents of MCF in susceptible animals such as cattle and bison have been reported worldwide (Frontoso et al, ; Holliman et al, ; Li et al, ; Mlilo et al, ; Pfitzer, Last, Espie, & van Vuuren, ; Services, S. A. C. V ; Veterinary Laboratories, ; Vikoren, Klevar, Li, & Hauge, ). In China, increased cases of cattle showing clinical signs suggestive of MCF have also been reported in recent years (articles in Chinese).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant catarrhal fever: An emerging yet neglected disease in captive sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) herds in China

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease that represents a serious problem in the deer‐rearing industry. To better understand an MCF‐like disease that has emerged in northern China since 2015, we investigated ten cases by documenting clinical and epidemiological data and analysing causative agents and histopathological changes. In addition, a retrospective screen for Macavirus DNA and a questionnaire‐based survey were conducted. Epizootic MCF in Chinese sika deer herds has emerged with a low morbidity of 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5%–5.1%) and a high mortality of 93.2% (95% CI: 86.6%–99.9%). The disease course varied from 3 to 12 days. Aetiologically, OvHV‐2 was predominant in the MCFV, accounting for most MCF cases (21/23). In contrast, only two CpHV‐2 isolates were phylogenetically closely related to CpHV‐2. Diarrhoea and nasal discharges were the most frequent manifestations, although clinical signs varied in some cases. Pathologically typical lesions of haemorrhage, necrosis and lymphoid cell infiltration were readily observed in a variety of organs. Vasculitis caused by vascular and perivascular lymphoid cell infiltration was common. The retrospective survey suggested a low positive rate (3/275) of MCFV DNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The questionnaire‐based survey suggested the disease was neglected by local veterinarians, who did not acknowledge the risk of co‐rearing deer with reservoir species. Collectively, the emerging epizootic MCF in Chinese sika deer herds remains neglected, emphasizing the urgency of initiating full‐field diagnoses and control strategies.

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“…Deer mostly die within 48 h of the appearance of the first symptoms and bison within three days [61]. In contrast, cattle usually survive a week or more post infection [33] although chronic cases have been described in cattle and bison [59,75]. Recovery from MCF is rare, nevertheless, there are reports of recovery in cattle that remained persistently infected [5,60].…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease of bovids in India

2013

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Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in the UK

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

A novel spliced gene in alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 encodes a glycoprotein which is secreted in vitro

A novel spliced gene in alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 encodes a glycoprotein which is secreted in vitro

Malignant catarrhal fever: An emerging yet neglected disease in captive sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) herds in China

Sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease of bovids in India

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