Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (<i>Cervus nippon</i>) in the UK

Foyle, K. L.; Fuller, H. E.; Higgins, Robert; Russell, George C.; Willoughby, Kim; Rosie, W. G.; Stidworthy, Mark F.; Foster, Aiden P

doi:10.1136/vr.165.15.445

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…6,26,36 A distinctive form of chronic MCF with granulomatous hyperplastic cutaneous lesions with folliculitis is reported in several species, particularly sika deer (Cervus nippon). 20,35,51 OvHV-2 or CpHV-2 has been found in individual cases. In addition to OvHV-2, which is responsible for most outbreaks of MCF in deer, CpHV-2, AlHV-1, and MCFVwhite-tailed deer (WTD) can also cause disease.…”

Section: Mcf In Cervid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal lesions are granulomatous and associated with lymphocytic fibrinoid vasculitis in brain, leptomeninges, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and liver. 20,35,51 …”

Section: Mcf In Domestic Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38,76,96,100,127 Such reports provide novel information about the agents involved, the spectrum of lesions induced, and cumulative losses. 35,36 This review focuses on OvHV-2 from the standpoint of diagnostic pathologists. Recently published reviews address other aspects of MCF such as its occurrence in domesticated species in Europe and North America, 52,112 as well as in freeranging and captive wildlife; 44 its lesions in domesticated and wildlife species; 11 prospects for effective vaccines; 75 diagnostic assays; 22,59,116,144 and molecular virology and pathogenesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

O’Toole

2014

Vet Pathol

129

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The enigmatic pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) involves dysregulated immune responses in susceptible ruminant species. Economically important outbreaks of MCF are due to 2 of the 10 viruses currently comprising the malignant catarrhal fever virus group: ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Attempts to develop effective vaccines for this group of viruses in the 1970s were sufficiently discouraging that they were temporarily abandoned. This review focuses on recent efforts to understand the pathogenesis of MCF, particularly the sheep-associated form of the disease, with the goal of developing rational control methods, including vaccination. The past 2 decades have seen several advances, including recognition of new members of the MCF virus group, better diagnostic assays, induction of disease by a natural route (aerosol), and clearer understanding of OvHV-2's shedding patterns by domestic sheep. A consistent theme in experimental studies of OvHV-2 in susceptible species is that there are 2 peaks of OvHV-2 gene expression: a preclinical peak involving the respiratory tract and a second in multiple organ systems leading to clinical disease. Latent and lytic gene expression may coexist in tissues during clinical stages in symptomatic animals.Keywords bison, cattle, malignant catarrhal fever, ovine herpesvirus 2, sheep, virus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, vasculitisIn 1997, we were approached by a bison producer who lost multiple adult animals to malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). 132As is often the case, the producer's questions were pragmatic and dealt with the likely source of infection, how the outbreak might be stopped, and whether effective treatment or vaccination was possible. At that time, our group had worked on MCF for several years, relying in part on case material from natural outbreaks of MCF in domestic cattle. 92,93 Diagnosticians and researchers were the beneficiaries of new diagnostic assays to confirm infection in live animals. 4,70 Unfortunately, the news for the producer was bad. The source of infection was probably domestic sheep, but the distance over which transmission was likely to occur was unknown. The producer reported that no sheep were in the immediate vicinity of her herd. Little was known about how sheep shed the virus or the duration of shedding. Since MCF was of modest interest to the cattle industry, funding for basic studies was constrained. No effective treatment existed. In the wake of that owner's outbreak, it quickly became clear that MCF was of appreciable importance to the commercial bison industry in the United States and Canada. 7,94 The long history and intriguing nature of MCF (Table 1) were small solace to the Colorado producer in the absence of practical solutions from MCF researchers. A total of 27 bison died as a result of the outbreak. Three bison remaining in the herd were butchered. Efforts to raise bison on the property were temporarily abandoned.This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of sheep-...

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Section: Mcf In Cervid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal lesions are granulomatous and associated with lymphocytic fibrinoid vasculitis in brain, leptomeninges, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and liver. 20,35,51 …”

Section: Mcf In Domestic Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

O’Toole

2014

Vet Pathol

129

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“…These lesions were thus interpreted as postreactive changes or parasite induced, as suggested in a study on normal deer lymph nodes. 19 While there was no histopathologic evidence of papilloma 44 or herpes virus 12 infection, its potential causative role cannot be ruled out without further molecular analysis. 27 In conclusion, the present study is the first to report intestinal adenocarcinoma in Sika deer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Adenocarcinoma in a Herd of Farmed Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Toolan¹,

Jahns

2014

Vet Pathol

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Intestinal adenocarcinomas were identified in 76 adult deer from a closed herd of 193 breeding animals grazing pasture heavily infested with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Tumors were observed postmortem in 32 animals with rapid weight loss, and similar neoplasms were detected in a further 44 clinically normal deer at ''cull.'' Tumors were located in distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon and presented as single (26%) or multiple (74%), variably sized, pale-gray, firm, poorly circumscribed neoplasms with associated intestinal strictures. Histopathologically tumors were well-differentiated, locally infiltrative, low-grade adenocarcinomas of tubular (51%), mucinous (33.5%), or mixed (15.5%) types. Extraintestinal metastases were not observed. The high incidence of intestinal adenocarcinoma within this herd suggests a specific and novel syndrome, and genetic and/or environmental factors may be involved in the pathogenesis.

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“…and is the causative agent of wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF) or African MCF in susceptible ruminants [10]. The ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is endemic in domestic sheep (Ovis aries) worldwide and causes sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF), reported in domestic cattle [3,4,11], bison (Bison bison) [12], water buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) [11,13,14], various deer species [15-17] and swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible case of caprine-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Switzerland

et al. 2011

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BackgroundMalignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal herpesvirus infection, affecting various wild and domestic ruminants all over the world. Water buffaloes were reported to be particularly susceptible for the ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) causing the sheep-associated form of MCF (SA-MCF). This report describes the first case of possibly caprine-associated malignant catarrhal fever symptoms in a domestic water buffalo in Switzerland.Case presentationThe buffalo cow presented with persistent fever, dyspnoea, nasal bleeding and haematuria. Despite symptomatic therapy, the buffalo died and was submitted to post mortem examination. Major findings were an abomasal ulceration, a mild haemorrhagic cystitis and multifocal haemorrhages on the epicardium and on serosal and mucosal surfaces. Eyes and oral cavity were not affected. Histopathology revealed a mild to moderate lymphohistiocytic vasculitis limited to the brain and the urinary bladder. Although these findings are typical for MCF, OvHV-2 DNA was not detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes or in paraffin-embedded brain, using an OvHV-2 specific real time PCR. With the aid of a panherpesvirus PCR, a caprine herpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) sequence could be amplified from both samples.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant catarrhal fever in the subfamily Bovinae, where the presence of CpHV-2 could be demonstrated. The etiological context has yet to be evaluated.

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Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the UK

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

Intestinal Adenocarcinoma in a Herd of Farmed Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

A possible case of caprine-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Switzerland

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