Malignant cell infiltration in the peripheral nervous system

Grisold, Wolfgang; Briani, Chiara; Vass, Andrea

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52902-2.00040-0

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Specifically, when the neoplastic spread is restricted to the CSF and meningeal involvement is likely, CSF analysis is able to provide useful information. Conversely, when the lymphomatous involvement is limited to the peripheral nerves, CSF may be negative . The identification of the two different patterns, through neurophysiology, neuroimaging, CSF, and histological analysis may be crucial for choosing the appropriate therapy …”

Section: Spinal Nerve Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cranial nerves involvement may be secondary to direct nerves infiltration (neurolymphomatosis), leptomeningeal (Figure A) or hematogenous spread or, more rarely, may be due to lymphoma associated vasculitis and paraneoplastic syndrome. Interestingly, also anastomoses between nerves can favor tumor spread from one nerve to another (eg, V and VII cranial nerves) . Notably, spreading of lymphoma along cranial nerves might occur through cranial nerves foramina which may represent a path for disease diffusion.…”

Section: Cranial Nerves Involvement In Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…95 The nerve roots may be affected due to leptomeningeal spread of lymphoma itself, generally NHL. [96][97][98] Radicular pain (in one or more segments) is almost always present, and often asymmetric, and may be associated with spinal cord symptoms secondary to spine compression. Aggressive B-cell lymphomas present more commonly with acute and painful radiculopathy.…”

Section: Spinal Nerve Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral nervous system involvement in lymphomas

Briani

Visentin

Campagnolo

et al. 2019

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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The peripheral nervous system may be involved at any stage in the course of lymphoproliferative diseases. The different underlying mechanisms include neurotoxicity secondary to chemotherapy, direct nerve infiltration (neurolymphomatosis), infections, immune‐mediated, paraneoplastic or metabolic processes and nutritional deficiencies. Accordingly, the clinical features are heterogeneous and depend on the localization of the damage (ganglia, roots, plexi, and peripheral nerves) and on the involved structures (myelin, axon, and cell body). Some clinical findings, such a focal or diffuse involvement, symmetric or asymmetric pattern, presence of pain may point to the correct diagnosis. Besides a thorough medical history and neurological examination, neurophysiological studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, nerve biopsy (in selected patients with suspected lymphomatous infiltration) and neuroimaging techniques (magnetic resonance neurography and nerve ultrasound) may be crucial for a proper diagnostic workup.

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Section: Spinal Nerve Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cranial Nerves Involvement In Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spinal Nerve Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral nervous system involvement in lymphomas

Briani

Visentin

Campagnolo

et al. 2019

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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“…Neoplastic LSP typically presents with pain followed by weakness and numbness within weeks (Pettigrew et al, 1984;Jaeckle, 2010). Pain can be various in nature, from local, centered to radiculopathic (Seefeld and Bargen, 1943;Jaeckle et al, 1985;Ladha et al, 2006;Grisold et al, 2013) and is present in up to 98% of LSPs, which led some authors to conclude that the absence of pain should question the presence of plexopathy (Jaeckle et al, 1985). Positive straight-leg raising test is commonly present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent rectal cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy with perineural spread to the spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve: An anatomic explanation

et al. 2014

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Several groups have reported cases of rectal cancer with carcinomatous involvement of the lumbosacral plexus and sciatic, obturator, pudendal, or spinal nerves. To our best knowledge, clear examples of perineural tumor spread in rectal carcinoma have not yet been described. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and imaging studies of three patients with primary or recurrent rectal cancer involving the lumbosacral plexus. Imaging studies included MRI and (18)FDG PET/CT scans in all (n = 3) patients, histological samples were available in two (n = 2). Imaging studies demonstrated distinct features of tumor spread from the organ to the plexus and beyond in all cases (n = 3), histological specimens demonstrated perineural involvement thus supporting our theory (n = 2). We present these three cases of perineural tumor spread in rectal cancer as a proof of concept. We hypothesize that not only our cases, but other similar reported cases can be explained anatomically by extension of the rectal cancer to the inferior hypogastric plexus with perineural tumor spread to the lumbosacral plexus using the pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves as conduits. Once the tumor reaches the lumbosacral plexus, it can continue to spread proximally or distally. We believe that perineural spread of colon cancer represents an important, under-recognized mechanism of recurrence to neighboring major nerves in the pelvis.

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“…2 Metastases occurring at the base of the skull are typically accompanied by a combination of pain and CN symptoms. 3,4 Infiltration of the CNs by perineural spread is often initially asymptomatic and takes time to manifest itself clinically. In the case of perineural invasion, the trigeminal (V2) and facial nerves (VII) seem to be the most frequently affected, although all CNs can be affected.…”

Section: Symptoms and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer around the brain

Grisold

2014

Neuro-Oncology Practice

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Background Neuro-oncologists are familiar with primary brain tumors, intracerebral metastases meningeal carcinomatosis and extracerebral intracranial tumors as meningeoma. For these conditions, and also some other rare tumor entities several treatment options exist. Cancer can also involve structures around the brain as the dura, the base of the skull, the cavities of the skull and tissue around the bony skull, the skin, the tissue of the neck. and either compress, invade or spread in the central or peripheral nervous system. Methods A systematic literature research was conducted determining symptoms and signs, tumor sites of nerve invasion, tumor types, diagnostic techniques, mechanisms of nerve invasion, and important differential diagnosis. Additional cases from own experience were added for illustration. Results The mechanisms of tumor invasion of cranial nerves is heterogenous and not only involves several types of invasion, but also spread along the cranial nerves in antero- and retrograde fashion and even spread into different nerve territories via anastomosis. In addition the concept of angiosomas may have an influence on the spread of metastases. Conclusion In addition to the well described tumor spread in meningeal carcinomatosis and base of the skull metastases, dural spread, lesions of the bony skull, the cavities of the skull and skin of the face and tissue of the neck region need to be considered, and have an impact on therapeutic decisions.

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Malignant cell infiltration in the peripheral nervous system

Cited by 27 publications

References 190 publications

Peripheral nervous system involvement in lymphomas

Peripheral nervous system involvement in lymphomas

Recurrent rectal cancer causing lumbosacral plexopathy with perineural spread to the spinal nerves and the sciatic nerve: An anatomic explanation

Cancer around the brain

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