Malignant Liver Tumors in South African Children: A National Audit

Moore, Samuel W.; Davidson, Alan; Hadley, G. P.; Kruger, Mariana; Poole, Janet; Stones, David; Wainwright, Linda; Wessels, G.

doi:10.1007/s00268-008-9526-8

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…HCC is rare among adolescents and accounts for less than 1% of all malignant neoplasms among children younger than 20 years [86]. Hence, the risk factors are not well studied.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asia–Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update

et al. 2017

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There is great geographical variation in the distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the majority of all cases worldwide found in the Asia–Pacific region, where HCC is one of the leading public health problems. Since the “Toward Revision of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) HCC Guidelines” meeting held at the 25th annual conference of the APASL in Tokyo, the newest guidelines for the treatment of HCC published by the APASL has been discussed. This latest guidelines recommend evidence-based management of HCC and are considered suitable for universal use in the Asia–Pacific region, which has a diversity of medical environments.

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“…HCC is rare among adolescents and accounts for less than 1% of all malignant neoplasms among children younger than 20 years [86]. Hence, the risk factors are not well studied.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asia–Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update

et al. 2017

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“…44 Longstanding HIV infection might predispose to premature malignant diseases in young adults. 45 B-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, which are present frequently in HIV-infected children and often at remarkably preserved CD4 counts, potentially represent a preneoplastic state. 44 The risk of these disorders developing into overt malignant diseases in adolescence and beyond is not yet known.…”

Section: Infections and Malignant Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges

Lowenthal

Bakeera-Kitaka

Marukutira

et al. 2014

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

388

397

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Worldwide, more than three million children are infected with HIV, 90% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. As the HIV epidemic matures and antiretroviral treatment is scaled up, children with HIV are reaching adolescence in large numbers. The growing population of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection living within this region presents not only unprecedented challenges but also opportunities to learn about the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In this Review, we discuss the changing epidemiology of paediatric HIV and the particular features of HIV infection in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Longstanding HIV infection acquired when the immune system is not developed results in distinctive chronic clinical complications that cause severe morbidity. As well as dealing with chronic illness, HIV-infected adolescents have to confront psychosocial issues, maintain adherence to drugs, and learn to negotiate sexual relationships, while undergoing rapid physical and psychological development. Context-specific strategies for early identification of HIV infection in children and prompt linkage to care need to be developed. Clinical HIV care should integrate age-appropriate sexual and reproductive health and psychological, educational, and social services. Health-care workers will need to be trained to recognise and manage the needs of these young people so that the increasing numbers of children surviving to adolescence can access quality care beyond specialist services at low-level health-care facilities.

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“…Based on the SEER database, there appears to be a racial/ethnic predilection for Caucasians [47]. However, FLC has been reported from a wide variety of geographical locations including Mexico [53], Saudi Arabia [33], South Africa [54, 55], Japan [56], Taiwan [57, 58], Mainland China [59], Republic of Korea [60], Thailand [32], India [28, 61], and Europe [62], and the extent of the racial/ethnic bias remains poorly defined.…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: 2012 Update

Torbenson

2012

Scientifica

146

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Fibrolamellar carcinomas are a unique type of primary liver cancer. They occur most commonly in children and young adults. Their etiology remains a mystery, as they are not associated with chronic liver disease. Fibrolamellar carcinomas are not indolent tumors, but have an overall better prognosis than typical hepatocellular carcinomas, in part because of the younger age at presentation and the lack of cirrhosis. The most important prognostic feature is whether the tumor is resectable. Histologically, the tumor is made up of large cells that contain abundant mitochondria. The nuclei of the tumor cells have prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells induce the formation of extensive intratumoral fibrosis, which often grows in parallel, or lamellar bands. The tumor cells clearly show hepatocellular features but are also unique in showing both biliary and neuroendocrine differentiation. The uniqueness of fibrolamellar carcinoma extends to their molecular findings. While the genetic abnormalities that lead to fibrolamellar carcinomas are not yet known, studies have shown that they lack mutations in the genes most commonly mutated in typical hepatocellular carcinoma (TP53 and CTNNB1). In this paper, the clinical, pathological, and basic science literature on fibrolamellar carcinoma is comprehensively reviewed. Key areas of needed research are also discussed.

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Malignant Liver Tumors in South African Children: A National Audit

Cited by 50 publications

References 65 publications

Asia–Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update

Asia–Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update

Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: 2012 Update

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