Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck — a review

Lengyel, E; Gilde, Katalin; Remenár, Éva; Ésik, Olga

doi:10.1007/bf03033707

Cited by 68 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Of these cases, 80 % (20/25) of the patients were Caucasian, while only three patients were African American, and two patients were Hispanic. Several authors have proposed that mucosal melanomas may be more prevalent in specific geographic regions, such as Japan and Uganda [5,8,9,15,16], however, this statement may be skewed due to the lower prevalence of cutaneous melanomas in these populations [7,15]. The intraoral location was similar to previously cited data, with 68.8 % located in the maxillary mucosa (palatal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, vestibular mucosa, or a combination of these sites).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Melanoma of the Oral Cavity: an Analysis of 46 New Cases with Emphasis on Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics

Smith

Bhattacharyya

Cohen

et al. 2016

Head and Neck Pathol

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Melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare malignancy that carries a poor prognosis. We identified 46 new cases of both primary and metastatic melanoma to the oral cavity. Following IRB approval, these cases were obtained from the Oral Pathology Biopsy Service archives of the UF College of Dentistry (1994Dentistry ( -2014, the UK College of Dentistry (1997Dentistry ( -2015, and the UM Medical Center . All slides were reviewed. The location, age, race, gender, clinical impression, duration of lesion, histopathologic diagnosis, and histopathologic features were recorded. Cases from the facial skin and those with an ambiguous diagnosis were excluded. Forty-six cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria with 32 primary cases, 11 known metastases, and 3 cases where metastasis could not be excluded. The primary cases included a total of 20 females and 12 males with an average age of 66.7 (range 27-95), and the majority (80 %) of the patients were Caucasian when race was known. Twenty-two of the 32 primary cases (68.8 %) were located in the maxillary mucosa, 5 in the mandibular mucosa or bone, and 5 in other locations. The clinicians' impressions varied from benign fibrous growths to high grade malignancies. The histopathology varied widely among the cases, however two cell types predominated (often in combination): epithelioid cells (50.0 %) and spindle cells (50.0 %). Only 53.1 % demonstrated melanin pigmentation. Oral melanoma remains one of the most diverse clinical and histopathologic diagnoses. Better understanding of this neoplasm may promote earlier diagnosis and may lead to improved outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The age range varies between 7 and 95 years [7] and typically is diagnosed in the 5th through 7th decades of life [1,3]. The peak age for diagnosis of oral melanoma tends to be one to two decades later than cutaneous melanomas [8]. By and large, no sex predilection exists, although some authors cite a slight male predominance [1-3, 9, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma of the Oral Cavity: an Analysis of 46 New Cases with Emphasis on Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics

Smith

Bhattacharyya

Cohen

et al. 2016

Head and Neck Pathol

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“…1,2 It is usually diagnosed in an advanced clinical stage, with a rate of 5 to 48% of regional and 4 to 14% of distant dissemination. 3,4 Because of its rarity, mucosal melanoma is poorly understood, characterized, and studied. Here, we present a case report of malignant melanoma of the oral cavity in the region of upper gingiva with review of related literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of mucosal melanoma is not clearly defined since malignant melanoma has been regarded relatively insensitive to radiation. 3,6 Radiotherapy is usually applied as an adjuvant modality reserved for positive surgical margins, local recurrence, or palliation. 3,4 The prognosis for mucosal melanoma is generally quite poor because of its tendency to invade and cause early hematogenous metastasis, with a 3-year mortality rate higher than 50% and a median survival time of 25 months.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…3,6 Radiotherapy is usually applied as an adjuvant modality reserved for positive surgical margins, local recurrence, or palliation. 3,4 The prognosis for mucosal melanoma is generally quite poor because of its tendency to invade and cause early hematogenous metastasis, with a 3-year mortality rate higher than 50% and a median survival time of 25 months. 1,2 Negative surgical margins and the size of the primary lesion do not appear to be predictive of outcome.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Gingiva: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Singhal¹,

Mohan²,

Lehl³

et al. 2011

JIAOMR

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Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is a relatively rare condition that has been poorly understood, characterized and studied.A 28-year-old male patient reported a swelling in relation to the right upper incisor teeth. The lesion was mobile, with slight bleeding on probing. Differential diagnosis of gingival hyperplasia/fibrosis, giant cell epulis, Kaposi's sarcoma, and malignant melanoma were kept. Histopathological sections showed sheets of pleomorphic spindle cells with intracytoplasmic brown-black pigment, involving the lower part of the squamous epithelium. Tumor cells were positive for S-100 and HMB-45 (Human Melanoma Black) immunostain and a diagnosis of malignant melanoma was rendered. The patient underwent partial maxillectomy and the case was categorized as stage II. He also received regional radiotherapy; however after five months, the patient presented with a metastasis to the lymph nodes that was confirmed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The patient underwent radical neck dissection that showed a large tumor mass.In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, the mucosal melanomas have an aggressive vertical growth phase. Different cell types, like spindled, plasmacytoid, and epithelioid may be observed. The treatment of choice is complete excision with adequate negative margins. The role of radiotherapy is not clearly defined since malignant melanoma is relatively insensitive to radiation. The prognosis for mucosal melanoma is generally quite poor because of its tendency to invade and cause early hematogenous metastasis. Nodal involvement reduces survival time and multiple local recurrences are the most common cause of treatment failure.

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