Malignant Nonhematological Effusion Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Davidson, Ben

doi:10.1159/000447687

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Because of the important clinical implications of malignant pleural effusions ( 28 ), most human studies of pleural fluid cells have focused on the identification of markers for malignant cells ( 17 , 23 , 29 ). The potential utility of CD71 as a marker of benign mesothelial cells was a byproduct of these studies ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rabbits, spontaneous seeding of mesothelial cells on a fibrin-coated polyethylene sheet ( 12 , 13 ) or diffusion chamber ( 6 ) have been observed. Despite these suggestive observations, the possibility of free-floating mesothelial cells remains controversial; specifically, the results in animal models have been inconsistent ( 14 ) and the few studies in humans have been limited to absolute cell numbers and malignant cells ( 15 – 17 ). Furthermore, both animal and human studies have been hampered by the lack of mesothelial cell-specific antibody probes capable of positively identifying mesothelial cells, while avoiding contamination with other mononuclear cells ( 18 , 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free-Floating Mesothelial Cells in Pleural Fluid After Lung Surgery

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesThe mesothelium, the surface layer of the heart, lung, bowel, liver, and tunica vaginalis, is a complex tissue implicated in organ-specific diseases and regenerative biology; however, the mechanism of mesothelial repair after surgical injury is unknown. Previous observations indicated seeding of denuded mesothelium by free-floating mesothelial cells may contribute to mesothelial healing. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mesothelial cells in pleural fluid during the 7 days following pulmonary surgery.Study designFlow cytometry was employed to study pleural fluid of 45 patients after lung resection or transplantation. We used histologically validated mesothelial markers (CD71 and WT1) to estimate the prevalence of mesothelial cells.ResultsThe viability of pleural fluid cells approached 100%. Leukocytes and mesothelial cells were identified in the pleural fluid within the first week after surgery. The leukocyte concentration was relatively stable at all time points. In contrast, mesothelial cells, identified by CD71 and WT1 peaked on POD3. The broad expression of CD71 molecule in postoperative pleural fluid suggests that many of the free-floating non-leukocyte cells were activated or proliferative mesothelial cells.ConclusionWe demonstrated that pleural fluid post lung surgery is a source of mesothelial cells; most of these cells appear to be viable and, as shown by CD71 staining, activated mesothelial cells. The observed peak of mesothelial cells on POD3 is consistent with a potential reparative role of free-floating mesothelial cells after pulmonary surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Floating Mesothelial Cells in Pleural Fluid After Lung Surgery

et al. 2018

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“…Fresh samples of effusion fluid are adequate for flow cytometry. Addition of PBS or RPMI may increase viability of cells and thus prolong the critical time slot for analysis …”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of cytological material, pre‐analytical procedures and bio‐banking in effusion cytopathology

et al. 2019

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Serous effusion fluid is one of the most commonly encountered specimens in routine cytopathology practice. It provides invaluable information about the patient and the clinical status; but to get the most of it, specimen handling and processing must be carried out properly. Cytomorphology is the basis of a successful analysis which should complemented by ancillary tests when needed. A wide spectrum of ancillary techniquesranging from immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry to different assays of molecular pathologycan be applied to serous effusions. This article describes the acquisition and management of serous effusion fluids, methods for preservation and transportation, different techniques of cytopreparation, application of immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), as well as DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Principles of bio-banking of effusion samples are also discussed which is getting more important in correlation with the developments in personalized medicine. K E Y W O R D S bio-banking, effusion cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, immunocytochemistry, molecular tests, preparation techniques, serous effusion 1 | INTRODUCTION Serous effusion fluid-pleural effusion, ascites and pericardial effusion-is one of the most commonly examined specimen types in cytopathology. Serous effusions occur in the context of a wide spectrum of benign and malignant diseases. In many clinical situations, effusion fluid is the first sample obtained and analysed, and, more often than not, this sample is the key to precise and timely diagnosis. Classical cytomorphology is still the basis of the application of all ancillary techniques. Immunocytochemistry can be accepted as part of the routine procedure since it has been used as a complementary method for years to increase the diagnostic accuracy of effusion cytology. All ancillary tests, including the modern techniques of molecular pathology, can be applied to serous effusions in routine workflow. It is a rapidly evolving field; however, some basics do not change, such as the selection of the right area/sample for DNA extraction or for fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis. This paper intends to be a practical handout for readers who deal with effusion samples. The acquisition and management of effusion samples are considered; preparation techniques for morphological examination and application of ancillary tests are discussed. The last part of the text deals with bio-banking of effusion specimens, which deserves sincere attention for the future of effusion cytology, regarding the new therapy options and research facilities. | ACQUISITIONEffusion fluid can be obtained in three ways:• by thoracentesis, paracentesis, pericardiocentesis with aspiration of fresh fluid into a syringe or vial,

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“…As reported above, effusions may also be caused by nonlymphomatous neoplasms and FC also contributes, to a lesser extent, to the diagnosis of these tumors. Davidson [18] provides a comprehensive review of FC applications with metastatic effusions, further expanding its possible applications. Despite the reported advantages, FC has its own limitations, including a small percentage of undefined cases and a variable accuracy in NHL subtyping.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Six Memos' for Lymph Node Fine-Needle Cytology and Flow Cytometry

Zeppa

2016

Acta Cytologica

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Malignant Nonhematological Effusion Characterization by Flow Cytometry

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Free-Floating Mesothelial Cells in Pleural Fluid After Lung Surgery

Free-Floating Mesothelial Cells in Pleural Fluid After Lung Surgery

Management of cytological material, pre‐analytical procedures and bio‐banking in effusion cytopathology

‘Six Memos' for Lymph Node Fine-Needle Cytology and Flow Cytometry

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