Malignant Ovarian Dysgerminoma Following Ovulation Induction in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Literature Review and Two Case Reports

Abstract

Background: The relation of ovarian induction drugs to development of ovarian cancer is still unclear. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that has been reported as a risk factor for ovarian cancer in some studies. Case presentation: We report two cases with polycystic ovarian syndrome who developed a malignant ovarian dysgerminoma following use of ovulation induction drugs. One of them was diagnosed during fifth month of pregnancy by intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI). Both cases were treated with conservative surgery. Conclusion: We reported 2 cases of ovarian dysgerminoma in patients with PCOS following ovarian stimulation. A large multicenter observational study is recommended to investigate a possible association.