2008
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.8
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Malignant transformation of hepatic adenomas

Abstract: Hepatic adenomas are benign neoplasms of the liver that occur in several well-defined clinical settings, but principally that of excess hormone exposure. They have a small but poorly characterized risk of malignant degeneration. The clinical presentation and pathological findings were reviewed for all hepatic adenomas resected between January 1, 2003 and July 1, 2006. Immunohistochemistry for p53, b-catenin and a-fetoprotein (AFP) were performed on those cases with malignant transformation and exon 3 of b-cate… Show more

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Cited by 120 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…Differentiation of adenoma from other benign or malignant lesions is clinically important because of its frequent tendency to cause intralesional or life-threatening intraperitoneal bleeding and potential for malignant transformation. [3][4][5] On gray scale ultrasonography, HCA and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are not distinguishable because both have a heterogeneous appearance with all echo structural patterns observed. 6 On the basis of Doppler investigations, several authors 7,8 have shown a continuous (venous) waveform in most cases of HCA, as opposed to the pulsatile wave observed in malignant lesions or the spoked wheel appearance observed in most cases of FNH.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Differentiation of adenoma from other benign or malignant lesions is clinically important because of its frequent tendency to cause intralesional or life-threatening intraperitoneal bleeding and potential for malignant transformation. [3][4][5] On gray scale ultrasonography, HCA and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are not distinguishable because both have a heterogeneous appearance with all echo structural patterns observed. 6 On the basis of Doppler investigations, several authors 7,8 have shown a continuous (venous) waveform in most cases of HCA, as opposed to the pulsatile wave observed in malignant lesions or the spoked wheel appearance observed in most cases of FNH.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The risk has been reported in the range of 8-10% (Dokmak, S et al 2009;Paradis, V 2010). Although 5cm is the generally accepted size at which malignant degeneration becomes a concern, cases have been reported in lesions as small as 4cm (Micchelli, ST et al 2008). There is also a greater risk of malignant degeneration in males and in patients with the metabolic syndrome.…”
Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…The introduction of modern contraceptives with lower estrogen content has led to a decrease in incidence (Rooks, JB et al 1979). Less common risk factors for the development of hepatocellular adenoma include glycogen storage disease type I and type III (Micchelli, ST et al 2008) 2.3.1 Radiographic features Though typically presenting as solitary lesions, adenoma may also be present as multiple lesions. Hepatic adenomas can grow quite large, with tumors of up to 30cm reported in the literature.…”
Section: Hepatocellular Adenomamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hepatocellular adenoma (HA) is a benign tumor usually associated with oral contraceptive intake, glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I and III, and a history of excess androgen exposure (1)(2)(3)(4). Malignant transformation of HA is relatively rare and has been reported to be associated with dysregulation of the β-catenin pathway (2,5,6).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%