1989
DOI: 10.1002/em.2850140619
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Malignant transformation of mammalian cells in culture, including human cells

Abstract: This overview of the malignant transformation of mammalian cells in culture, including human cells, describes the earliest evidence of spontaneous, virus-induced, and carcinogen-induced transformation. It discusses several systems developed to assay the carcinogen-induced transformation of highly selected infinite life span ("established") cell lines as well as finite life span diploid cells. Evidence is presented to support the multistep hypothesis of the process of malignant transformation, and the theoretic… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Growth studies of cells in suspension or soft agar were performed to determine whether the cells were anchorage-independent and exhibited the loss of contact inhibition [ 79 ]. The tRPE cell numbers dramatically decreased in suspension at the beginning of the experiment, indicating they require a substrate to attach.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Growth studies of cells in suspension or soft agar were performed to determine whether the cells were anchorage-independent and exhibited the loss of contact inhibition [ 79 ]. The tRPE cell numbers dramatically decreased in suspension at the beginning of the experiment, indicating they require a substrate to attach.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The multistage nature of neoplastic development has now been demonstrated during carcinogenesis in numerous organs in the mammal (1) as well as in cell culture (2). While a variety of "intermediate" lesions have been described in the development of various neoplasms in both animals and humans (3), one of the best studied and most easily quantitated experimental multistage models is seen in rat hepatocarcinogenesis (4).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With varying frequency, especially dependent on the species of origin, a few cells survive the senescent crisis and acquire unlimited proliferative potential. A number of comprehensive reviews on in vitro spontaneous transformation have been produced in the past [44][45][46][47][48][49] and for a detailed description of the phenomenon we refer to them. 2).…”
Section: Stimulating Dna Repair Of Endogenous Damage To Delay the Onsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…capable of indefinite growth. increased colony forming ability, loss of contact inhibition, elevated saturation density, ability to grow in soft agar and to induce tumors in nude mice [44,45,47,49] (Fig. Variants that survive crisis display aneuploidy, chromosomal aberrations and mutations in a number of tumor suppressor genes [56][57][58][59] thus indicating significant genotypic alterations, but still have very limited proliferation capacity and no ability to grow in soft agar or induce tumors in nude mice [60].…”
Section: Spontaneous Transformation In Rodent and Human Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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