Malignant tumors in smallpox vaccination scars: a report of 24 cases

Marmelzat, Willard L.

doi:10.1001/archderm.97.4.400

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In two patients with metastatic pulmonary or renal adenocarcinomas, the Japanese attenuated vaccinia virus AS strain given intravenously induced partial tumor regressions [13,197]. Paradoxically, in healthy people, malignant tumors (basal cell carcinomas) arose in the scar of prior vaccinia vaccination [128,249], but could be cured by wide excision. Vaccinia viral oncogenesis by whatever mechanism remains speculative and unproven.…”

Section: Vaccinia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Sinkovics

Horváth

2008

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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Based on personal acquaintances and experience dating back to the early 1950s, the senior author reviews the history of viral therapy of cancer. He points out the difficulties encountered in the treatment of human cancers, as opposed by the highly successful viral therapy of experimentally maintained tumors in laboratory animals, especially that of ascites carcinomas in mice. A detailed account of viral therapy of human tumors with naturally oncolytic viruses follows, emphasizing the first clinical trials with viral oncolysates. The discrepancy between the high success rates, culminating in cures, in the treatment of tumors of laboratory animals, and the moderate results, such as stabilizations of disease, partial responses, very rare complete remissions, and frequent relapses with virally treated human tumors is recognized. The preclinical laboratory testing against established human tumor cell lines that were maintained in tissue cultures for decades, and against human tumors extricated from their natural habitat and grown in xenografts, may not yield valid results predictive of the viral therapy applied against human tumors growing in their natural environment, the human host. Since the recent discovery of the oncosuppressive efficacy of bacteriophages, the colon could be regarded as the battlefield, where incipient tumor cells and bacteriophages vie for dominance. The inner environment of the colon will be the teaching ground providing new knowledge on the value of the anti-tumor efficacy of phage-induced innate anti-tumor immune reactions. Genetically engineered oncolytic viruses are reviewed next. The molecular biology of viral oncolysis is explained in details. Elaborate efforts are presented to elucidate how gene product proteins of oncolytic viruses switch off the oncogenic cascades of cancer cells. The facts strongly support the conclusion that viral therapy of human cancers will remain in the front lines of modern cancer therapeutics. It may be a combination of naturally oncolytic viruses and wild-type viruses rendered oncolytic and harmless by genetic engineering, that will induce complete remissions of human tumors. It may be necessary to co-administer certain chemotherapeutic agents, advanced cancer vaccines, or even immune lymphocytes, and targeted therapeuticals, to ascertain, that remissions induced by the viral agents will remain complete and durable; will co-operate with anti-tumor host immune reactions, and eventually will result in cures of advanced metastatic human cancers.

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Section: Vaccinia Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Sinkovics

Horváth

2008

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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“…Other risks factors are therapeutic irradiation with ultraviolet A [45, 46], immunodeficiency [48, 49, 50], chronic arsenic intoxication [51, 52], burn scars [53], and chronic ulcerative scars [54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61]. …”

Section: Epidemiology Of Bccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Eyelids

Allali

D’Hermies

Renard³

2005

Ophthalmologica

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Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are the more frequent malignant tumors seen in France as in other western countries. They represent 20% of eyelid tumors and 90% of eyelid malignancies. Due to their local growth, problems may arise when treating BCC, and curative exeresis must be the preferred choice each time it is possible. BCC of the eyelids have a high risk of recurrence. Recurrences are more aggressive, infiltrative and destructive and have a considerably poorer rate of cure than primary tumors. Eyelid reconstructions can entail use of complex methods which should only be carried out by a trained ophthalmologist who is also able to treat any associated age-related ocular pathologies. BCC is the most common cause leading to eyelid reconstructive surgery; a surgery which has a triple objective: tumor removal, functionality and an esthetic outcome.

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“…Other benign and even malignant lesions have also been reported at the site of smallpox vaccination (Table 1). 6–12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallpox vaccination site reactions: two cases of exaggerated scarring and a brief review

Waibel

Walsh

2004

Int J Dermatology

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Case 1 A 26‐year‐old, healthy white woman received her first smallpox vaccination (Dryvax®, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., PA, USA) 9 months prior to presentation. By history, the vaccine site progressed through typical postvaccinia changes, but eventually developed a nodule that was cosmetically bothersome. There was no history of atypical scar formation. On physical examination, there was an 8 mm × 8 mm, firm, nontender, flesh‐colored nodule on the left upper arm (Fig. 1a). The patient elected to receive an intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection (Kenalog®, Bristol‐Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, NJ, USA) (0.1–0.2 mL of 5 mg/mL). After 2 weeks, the nodule had softened, was about 50% smaller, and the treatment was repeated. 1 Case 1 (a) and Case 2 (b) Case 2 A 19‐year‐old, healthy African‐American man received his first smallpox vaccination (Dryvax®, Wyeth Laboratories, Inc., PA, USA) 8 months prior to presentation and described typical lesion progression, with a residual, mildly hyperpigmented macule. Within 3 months, the macule had developed plaque‐like features that persisted until presentation; the lesion was cosmetically bothersome. There was no history of spontaneous or post‐traumatic hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation. On physical examination, there was a firm, nontender, 10 mm × 10 mm hyperpigmented plaque (Fig. 1b). The patient elected to receive the same treatment as Case 1 and showed marked improvement within 2 weeks.

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Malignant tumors in smallpox vaccination scars: a report of 24 cases

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Natural and genetically engineered viral agents for oncolysis and gene therapy of human cancers

Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Eyelids

Smallpox vaccination site reactions: two cases of exaggerated scarring and a brief review

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